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1 afiliación

f.

1 affiliation, association.

2 membership.

3 adhesion.

* * *

afiliación

► nombre femenino

1 affiliation

* * *

noun f.

membership, affiliation

* * *

SF (Pol) affiliation; [de sindicatos] membership

* * *

femenino affiliation

* * *

= affiliation, membership, affiliation.

Nota: Afinidad de ideología.

Ex. Accurate data upon the addresses and the affiliations and agencies operated by various publishers is not always easy to come by for the directories.

Ex. The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.

Ex. No differences could be detected as a result of different institutional affiliations in the capacity or desire of SLIS to enter the IT field.

----

* afiliación del autor = author affiliation.

* afiliación institucional = institutional affiliation.

* afiliación profesional = professional membership, professional affiliation.

* sin afiliación a un partido político = non-partisan [nonpartisan].

* sin afiliación religiosa = non-sectarian [nonsectarian].

* * *

femenino affiliation

* * *

= affiliation, membership, affiliation.

Nota: Afinidad de ideología.

Ex: Accurate data upon the addresses and the affiliations and agencies operated by various publishers is not always easy to come by for the directories.

Ex: The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.

Ex: No differences could be detected as a result of different institutional affiliations in the capacity or desire of SLIS to enter the IT field.

* afiliación del autor = author affiliation.

* afiliación institucional = institutional affiliation.

* afiliación profesional = professional membership, professional affiliation.

* sin afiliación a un partido político = non-partisan [nonpartisan].

* sin afiliación religiosa = non-sectarian [nonsectarian].

* * *

afiliación

feminine

affiliation

afiliación a un sindicato union membership

* * *

afiliación sustantivo femenino
affiliation
afiliación sustantivo femenino affiliation
' afiliación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ser
- filiación
English:
membership
- membership fee
- affiliation

* * *

afiliación nf

1. [a organización] [de persona] membership;
[de grupo] affiliation;
conocía su afiliación al partido comunista he knew she was a member of the communist party;

ha bajado el nivel de afiliación a los sindicatos union membership has fallen;

se ha incrementado el número de afiliaciones a la Seguridad Social the number of people registered with the social security system has risen

2. [a doctrina]
sea cual sea su afiliación ideológica whatever your ideological affiliation may be

* * *

afiliación

f affiliation (a to), becoming a member (a of)

* * *

afiliación nf, pl - ciones : affiliation

Spanish-English dictionary > afiliación
2 agronomía

f.

agronomy, agriculture.

* * *

agronomía

► nombre femenino

1 agronomy

* * *

SF agronomy, agriculture

* * *

femenino agronomy

* * *

= agricultural sciences, agrarian science, agronomy, agricultural economy.

Ex. AGRIS is an international information system (akin to AGREP) for the agricultural sciences, compiled by the Commission in concert with member states, management of which is in the hands of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

Ex. Its history, from its foundation in 1838 and up to the present, is the chronicle of the development of agrarian science in the USSR.

Ex. By discipline, the greatest number of articles were on agronomy and the fewest on economics and statistics.

Ex. This article discusses the pre-revolutionary shortage of books on agriculture economy in 1913, and how existing books only discussed the miserable, hopeless life of the peasants.

* * *

femenino agronomy

* * *

= agricultural sciences, agrarian science, agronomy, agricultural economy.

Ex: AGRIS is an international information system (akin to AGREP) for the agricultural sciences, compiled by the Commission in concert with member states, management of which is in the hands of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

Ex: Its history, from its foundation in 1838 and up to the present, is the chronicle of the development of agrarian science in the USSR.

Ex: By discipline, the greatest number of articles were on agronomy and the fewest on economics and statistics.

Ex: This article discusses the pre-revolutionary shortage of books on agriculture economy in 1913, and how existing books only discussed the miserable, hopeless life of the peasants.

* * *

agronomía

feminine

agronomy

* * *

agronomía sustantivo femenino
agronomy
agronomía sustantivo femenino agronomy, agriculture

* * *

agronomía nf

agronomy

* * *

agronomía

f agronomy

* * *

agronomía nf

: agronomy

Spanish-English dictionary > agronomía
3 asociación

f.

1 association, relationship, correspondence.

2 association, co-partnership, alliance, company.

3 association, affiliation.

4 association, club.

5 association, map.

* * *

asociación

► nombre femenino

1 association

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

asociación de ideas association of ideas

asociación de vecinos residents' association

* * *

noun f.

1) association

2) society

* * *

SF (=acción) association; (=sociedad) society, association; (Com, Econ) partnership

por asociación de ideas — by association of ideas

asociación aduanera — customs union

asociación de padres de alumnos — parent-teacher association

asociación de vecinos — residents' association

asociación libre — free association

asociación obrera — trade union

asociación para el delito — criminal conspiracy

* * *

femenino association

en asociación con — in association o collaboration with

derecho de asociación — freedom of association o assembly

asociación de ideas — association of ideas

asociación cultural/deportiva — cultural/sports association

una asociación sin ánimo or afán de lucro — a non-profit association (AmE), a non-profit-making association (BrE)

- asociación de padres de alumnos

- asociación de vecinos

- asociación sindical

* * *

= association, association, interest group, membership, partnership, liaison, tie, tie-up, marriage, partnering, league, membership body, collective.

Nota: Nombre.

Ex. Corporate names, for example, names of associations, names of institutions, names of government bodies.

Ex. It is possible and convenient to select a viewpoint on the scope, associations and labels for subjects which coincides with the way in which subjects are handled in the literature.

Ex. The meeting agreed that the new organisation was needed to act as an interest group for the library, information science and documentation profession in the European Community.

Ex. The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.

Ex. The partnership between the CLT and industry is considered in some detail.

Ex. It is important to make sure that there is close liaison between the cataloguing department and the order department, otherwise cards are liable to be ordered twice or in insufficient quantity to meet the total demand.

Ex. Eastern European countries longing for western scientific ties have wanted to participate in the Internet for a long time, but were excluded by government regulations.

Ex. The report of findings may consist simply of a few pages, or be a trends and proposals report, or may suggest tie-ups with other groups.

Ex. Multimedia encyclopedias on CD-ROM are a nearly perfect marriage of technology and content.

Ex. These include partnering with: principals, teachers, community members, public librarians and businesses.

Ex. The ALA has never possessed those unique qualities which characterise a professional association, trade association, or business league.

Ex. This is a membership body formally constituted in 1997.

Ex. These collectives are at present seeking compensation for copies made of copyrighted material based on the nature, volume and use of copies made.

----

* asociación a la que se pertenece = professional membership.

* Asociación Americana de Bibliotecarios (ALA) = ALA (American Library Association).

* Asociación Americana de Bibliotecas de Teología = American Theological Library Association (ATLA).

* Asociación Americana de Editores = American Association of Publishers (AAP).

* Asociación Americana de Gestores de Documentación Administrativa = Association of Records Managers and Administrators (ARMA International).

* Asociación Americana de Productores Cinematográficos = Motion Picture Association of America.

* Asociación Australiana de Bibliotecarios (AAB) = Library Association of Australia (LAA).

* Asociación Australiana de Bibliotecarios y Documentalistas (ALIA) = Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA).

* asociación benéfica = service club.

* asociación benéfica de hombres de negocios = Lions club.

* Asociación Canadiense de Bibliotecarios (CLA) = Canadian Library Association (CLA).

* asociación comercial = trade association.

* Asociación Cristiana de Mujeres Jóvenes (YWCA) = YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association).

* asociación de antiguos alumnos = alumni association.

* Asociación de Archiveros Alemanes = Verein Deutscher Archivare.

* Asociación de Archiveros Americanos (SAA) = Society of American Archivists (SAA).

* Asociación de Archiveros Australianos = Australian Society of Archivists.

* Asociación de Archiveros Austriacos = Verband Osterreichischer Archivare.

* Asociación de Archiveros Británicos = Society of Archivists.

* Asociación de Archiveros Canadienses = Association of Canadian Archivists (ACA).

* Asociación de Archiveros de Alemania Occidental (WGSA) = West German Society of Archivists (WGSA).

* Asociación de Archiveros de Sudáfrica = South African Society of Archivists.

* Asociación de Archiveros Suizos = Vereinigung Schweizerischer Archivare.

* Asociación de Archiveros Suizos (AAS) = Association of Swiss Archivists (ASA).

* asociación de bibliotecarios = library association.

* Asociación de Bibliotecarios del Reino Unido (LA) = LA (Library Association).

* Asociación de Bibliotecarios de Medicina = Medical Library Association (MLA).

* Asociación de Bibliotecarios Suizos = Vereinigung Schweizerischer Bibliothekare.

* Asociación de Bibliotecarios y Documentalistas de Suráfrica (LIASA) = Library and Information Association of South Africa (LIASA).

* Asociación de Bibliotecas Especializadas = Special Libraries Association (SLA).

* Asociación de Bibliotecas Universitarias y de Investigación (ACRL) = ACRL (Association of College and Research Libraries).

* asociación de compradores de un tipo de productos = consumers union.

* asociación de inquilinos = tenants' association.

* asociación de la comunidad = community group.

* Asociación de Lenguas Modernas (MLA) = Modern Language Association (MLA).

* Asociación de Madres y Padres de Alumnos (AMPA) = Parent-Teacher Association (PTA).

* asociación de padres = parents' association.

* asociación de padres de alumnos = Parent-Teacher Association (PTA).

* asociación de vecinos = residents' association, urban residents' association, neighbourhood association.

* asociación de voluntarios = voluntary body.

* Asociación Escocesa de Editores = Scottish Publishers Association (SPA).

* Asociación Europea para el Libre Comercio (EFTA) = EFTA (European Free Trade Association).

* Asociación Europea para la Literatura Gris (EAGLE) = European Association for Grey Literature (EAGLE).

* Asociación Interamericana de Bibliotecarios y Documentalistas de Agricultura = AIBDA (Inter-American Association of Agricultural Librarians and Information Specialists).

* Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros (IASA) = International Association of Sound Archives (IASA).

* Asociación Internacional de Bibliotecarios y Documentalistas de Agricultura = International Association of Agricultural Librarians and Documentalists (IAALD).

* Asociación Internacional de Editores (IPA) = International Publishers Association (IPA).

* asociación miembro = associate member.

* Asociación Nacional de Archiveros y Gestores de Documentos del Gobierno (NAG = National Association of Government Archivists and Records Administrators (NAGARA).

* Asociación Nacional de Oficinas de Información al Consumidor (NACAB) = National Association of Citizens' Advice Bureaux (NACAB).

* Asociación Nacional para Adquisiciones (NAG) = National Acquisitions Group (NAG).

* Asociación para la Educación en Biblioteconomía y Documentación (ALISE) = ALISE (Association for Library and Information Science Education).

* asociación perfecta = marriage made in heaven.

* asociación política = political body.

* asociación profesional = professional association, guild [gild].

* asociación sociocultural estudiantil = fraternity.

* Asociación Suiza de Documentación (SAD) = Swiss Association for Documentation (SAD).

* biblioteca de asociación = society's library.

* de las asociaciones = associational.

* IFLA (Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Bibliotecarios y Bibliotec = IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions).

* institución miembro de una asociación = partner institution.

* Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Asociación de Bibliotecas Escolar = SLA List.

* NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).

* organización miembro de una asociación = partner organisation.

* * *

femenino association

en asociación con — in association o collaboration with

derecho de asociación — freedom of association o assembly

asociación de ideas — association of ideas

asociación cultural/deportiva — cultural/sports association

una asociación sin ánimo or afán de lucro — a non-profit association (AmE), a non-profit-making association (BrE)

- asociación de padres de alumnos

- asociación de vecinos

- asociación sindical

* * *

= association, association, interest group, membership, partnership, liaison, tie, tie-up, marriage, partnering, league, membership body, collective.

Nota: Nombre.

Ex: Corporate names, for example, names of associations, names of institutions, names of government bodies.

Ex: It is possible and convenient to select a viewpoint on the scope, associations and labels for subjects which coincides with the way in which subjects are handled in the literature.

Ex: The meeting agreed that the new organisation was needed to act as an interest group for the library, information science and documentation profession in the European Community.

Ex: The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.

Ex: The partnership between the CLT and industry is considered in some detail.

Ex: It is important to make sure that there is close liaison between the cataloguing department and the order department, otherwise cards are liable to be ordered twice or in insufficient quantity to meet the total demand.

Ex: Eastern European countries longing for western scientific ties have wanted to participate in the Internet for a long time, but were excluded by government regulations.

Ex: The report of findings may consist simply of a few pages, or be a trends and proposals report, or may suggest tie-ups with other groups.

Ex: Multimedia encyclopedias on CD-ROM are a nearly perfect marriage of technology and content.

Ex: These include partnering with: principals, teachers, community members, public librarians and businesses.

Ex: The ALA has never possessed those unique qualities which characterise a professional association, trade association, or business league.

Ex: This is a membership body formally constituted in 1997.

Ex: These collectives are at present seeking compensation for copies made of copyrighted material based on the nature, volume and use of copies made.

* asociación a la que se pertenece = professional membership.

* Asociación Americana de Bibliotecarios (ALA) = ALA (American Library Association).

* Asociación Americana de Bibliotecas de Teología = American Theological Library Association (ATLA).

* Asociación Americana de Editores = American Association of Publishers (AAP).

* Asociación Americana de Gestores de Documentación Administrativa = Association of Records Managers and Administrators (ARMA International).

* Asociación Americana de Productores Cinematográficos = Motion Picture Association of America.

* Asociación Australiana de Bibliotecarios (AAB) = Library Association of Australia (LAA).

* Asociación Australiana de Bibliotecarios y Documentalistas (ALIA) = Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA).

* asociación benéfica = service club.

* asociación benéfica de hombres de negocios = Lions club.

* Asociación Canadiense de Bibliotecarios (CLA) = Canadian Library Association (CLA).

* asociación comercial = trade association.

* Asociación Cristiana de Mujeres Jóvenes (YWCA) = YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association).

* asociación de antiguos alumnos = alumni association.

* Asociación de Archiveros Alemanes = Verein Deutscher Archivare.

* Asociación de Archiveros Americanos (SAA) = Society of American Archivists (SAA).

* Asociación de Archiveros Australianos = Australian Society of Archivists.

* Asociación de Archiveros Austriacos = Verband Osterreichischer Archivare.

* Asociación de Archiveros Británicos = Society of Archivists.

* Asociación de Archiveros Canadienses = Association of Canadian Archivists (ACA).

* Asociación de Archiveros de Alemania Occidental (WGSA) = West German Society of Archivists (WGSA).

* Asociación de Archiveros de Sudáfrica = South African Society of Archivists.

* Asociación de Archiveros Suizos = Vereinigung Schweizerischer Archivare.

* Asociación de Archiveros Suizos (AAS) = Association of Swiss Archivists (ASA).

* asociación de bibliotecarios = library association.

* Asociación de Bibliotecarios del Reino Unido (LA) = LA (Library Association).

* Asociación de Bibliotecarios de Medicina = Medical Library Association (MLA).

* Asociación de Bibliotecarios Suizos = Vereinigung Schweizerischer Bibliothekare.

* Asociación de Bibliotecarios y Documentalistas de Suráfrica (LIASA) = Library and Information Association of South Africa (LIASA).

* Asociación de Bibliotecas Especializadas = Special Libraries Association (SLA).

* Asociación de Bibliotecas Universitarias y de Investigación (ACRL) = ACRL (Association of College and Research Libraries).

* asociación de compradores de un tipo de productos = consumers union.

* asociación de inquilinos = tenants' association.

* asociación de la comunidad = community group.

* Asociación de Lenguas Modernas (MLA) = Modern Language Association (MLA).

* Asociación de Madres y Padres de Alumnos (AMPA) = Parent-Teacher Association (PTA).

* asociación de padres = parents' association.

* asociación de padres de alumnos = Parent-Teacher Association (PTA).

* asociación de vecinos = residents' association, urban residents' association, neighbourhood association.

* asociación de voluntarios = voluntary body.

* Asociación Escocesa de Editores = Scottish Publishers Association (SPA).

* Asociación Europea para el Libre Comercio (EFTA) = EFTA (European Free Trade Association).

* Asociación Europea para la Literatura Gris (EAGLE) = European Association for Grey Literature (EAGLE).

* Asociación Interamericana de Bibliotecarios y Documentalistas de Agricultura = AIBDA (Inter-American Association of Agricultural Librarians and Information Specialists).

* Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros (IASA) = International Association of Sound Archives (IASA).

* Asociación Internacional de Bibliotecarios y Documentalistas de Agricultura = International Association of Agricultural Librarians and Documentalists (IAALD).

* Asociación Internacional de Editores (IPA) = International Publishers Association (IPA).

* asociación miembro = associate member.

* Asociación Nacional de Archiveros y Gestores de Documentos del Gobierno (NAG = National Association of Government Archivists and Records Administrators (NAGARA).

* Asociación Nacional de Oficinas de Información al Consumidor (NACAB) = National Association of Citizens' Advice Bureaux (NACAB).

* Asociación Nacional para Adquisiciones (NAG) = National Acquisitions Group (NAG).

* Asociación para la Educación en Biblioteconomía y Documentación (ALISE) = ALISE (Association for Library and Information Science Education).

* asociación perfecta = marriage made in heaven.

* asociación política = political body.

* asociación profesional = professional association, guild [gild].

* asociación sociocultural estudiantil = fraternity.

* Asociación Suiza de Documentación (SAD) = Swiss Association for Documentation (SAD).

* biblioteca de asociación = society's library.

* de las asociaciones = associational.

* IFLA (Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Bibliotecarios y Bibliotec = IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions).

* institución miembro de una asociación = partner institution.

* Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Asociación de Bibliotecas Escolar = SLA List.

* NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).

* organización miembro de una asociación = partner organisation.

* * *

asociación

feminine

1 (acción) association

en asociación con la BBC in association o collaboration with the BBC

derecho de asociación freedom of association o assembly

asociación de ideas association of ideas

asociación de palabras word association

2 (sociedad, agrupación) association

asociación comercial trade association

asociación cultural/deportiva cultural/sports association

asociación en defensa de vida animal wildlife trust

una asociación sin ánimo or afán de lucro a non-profit association ( AmE), a non-profit making association ( BrE)

Compuestos:

● asociación de padres de alumnos

parents association

● asociación de vecinos

residents association

● asociación sindical

labor union ( AmE), trade union ( BrE)

* * *

asociación sustantivo femenino
association;
◊ asociación de ideas association of ideas

asociación sustantivo femenino association

' asociación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
APA
- baja
- colectiva
- colectivo
- colegio
- juventud
- organización
- pertenencia
- pro
- salirse
- sociedad
- unión
- agrupación
- asociado
- beneficencia
- círculo
- cooperativa
- cuota
- filial
- formar
- gremial
- hermandad
- liga
- miembro
- recordar
- salir
- secretario
English:
AA
- AMA
- ASPCA
- association
- BMA
- charity
- combine
- fellow
- fellowship
- fraternity
- partnership
- PTA
- society
- subscription
- support
- YMCA
- YWCA
- guild
- housing
- NSPCC
- RSPCA
- sisterhood
- SPCA
- SPCC
- student
- union

* * *

asociación nf

1. [acción] association;

en asociación con la ONU in association with the UN

Comp
asociación de ideas association of ideas;
asociación libre free association

2. [grupo, colectivo] association;

una asociación cultural a cultural association;

una asociación ecologista an environmental group

Comp
asociación de consumidores consumer association;
Asociación Europea de Libre Comercio European Free Trade Association;

asociación gremial trade association;

asociación de padres de alumnos = Spanish association for parents of schoolchildren, ≈ PTA;

asociación de vecinos residents' association

* * *

asociación

f association;

asociación de ideas association of ideas

* * *

asociación nf, pl - ciones

1) : association, relationship

2) : society, group, association

* * *

asociación n association

Spanish-English dictionary > asociación
4 de acuerdo con

de acuerdo con

in accordance with

* * *

in accordance to

* * *

= according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from

Ex. The headings will be arranged according to the filing sequence of the notation (for example, alphabetically for letters or numerically for numbers).

Ex. As far as users are concerned, standardisation of command languages for different hosts is a highly desirable.

Ex. If these two questions are considered the choice of titles will be consistent with the choice of author headings.

Ex. It is argued that the research community is missing an opportunity to design systems that are in better harmony with the actual preferences of many users.

Ex. The scheme remains discipline oriented, but each class is developed in accordance with strict application of analytico-synthetic principles.

Ex. AGRIS is an international information system (akin to AGREP) for the agricultural sciences, compiled by the Commission in concert with member states, management of which is in the hands of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

Ex. This revised chapter modified the code in keeping with the recently agreed ISBD(M), and proposed a slightly different description for monographs.

Ex. Villahermosa, capital of Tabasco, as the first of Mexico's 31 states, has achieved full library coverage in line with the Programa Nacional de Bibliotecas Publicas.

Ex. The challenge to the information professional is to integrate the use of information into the fabric of society, in step with the realization that information flow is the lifeline of modern democracies.

Ex. There was a hard core of dedicated, British-trained librarians who practised their profession in tune with the social, economic and political situation of their time.

Ex. The name to be chosen for the author must be, by rule 40, 'the name by which he is commonly identified, whether it is his real name, or an assumed name, nickname, title of nobility, or other appellation'.

Ex. This approach involves the establishment and communication of organizational goals, the setting of individual objectives pursuant to the organizational goals, and the periodic and then final review of performance as it relates to the objectives.

Ex. In concurrence with the advent of what Anthony Oettinger called 'compunications', the fusion of computing and communication, we need to develop a new vision of a future for national libraries.

Ex. Libraries will make judgements based on criteria such as better information resources, quicker answers, and more cost-effective services = Las bibliotecas tomarán decisiones de acuerdo con criterios tales como mejores recursos informativos, rapidez de respuesta y servicios más rentables.

Ex. The findings of this study were in agreement with most similar studies of the journal literature of the humanities with one important exception.

Ex. As far as he knew (and he had been with the library 37 years) subsequent boards had not changed the rule.

Ex. New modes may emerge in the future in consonance with new research trends and changing social needs.

Ex. In accord with much existing literature, results indicate that a large part of the gender pay gap is unexplained, even when a wide range of variables are included.

Ex. The number of titles is expected to double within a relatively short period, judging by the enthusiasm expressed by the publishers.

Ex. To judge by some of the comments presented here, weeding may function as a homogenizing agent in many public libraries, creating a situation where the product lines (books) offered show little variation from library to library.

Ex. The public library is not exempt from this rule, and in conformity with it this report has been prepared to offer a detailed answer to the challenge of the public.

Ex. In her view, it is high time for the plays by this versatile and prolific dramatist to begin elbowing their way into the American repertoire.

Ex. Judging from the history of warfare and skirmish between the British and the French, I am surprised you are so civil towards each other.

* * *

= according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from

Ex: The headings will be arranged according to the filing sequence of the notation (for example, alphabetically for letters or numerically for numbers).

Ex: As far as users are concerned, standardisation of command languages for different hosts is a highly desirable.

Ex: If these two questions are considered the choice of titles will be consistent with the choice of author headings.

Ex: It is argued that the research community is missing an opportunity to design systems that are in better harmony with the actual preferences of many users.

Ex: The scheme remains discipline oriented, but each class is developed in accordance with strict application of analytico-synthetic principles.

Ex: AGRIS is an international information system (akin to AGREP) for the agricultural sciences, compiled by the Commission in concert with member states, management of which is in the hands of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

Ex: This revised chapter modified the code in keeping with the recently agreed ISBD(M), and proposed a slightly different description for monographs.

Ex: Villahermosa, capital of Tabasco, as the first of Mexico's 31 states, has achieved full library coverage in line with the Programa Nacional de Bibliotecas Publicas.

Ex: The challenge to the information professional is to integrate the use of information into the fabric of society, in step with the realization that information flow is the lifeline of modern democracies.

Ex: There was a hard core of dedicated, British-trained librarians who practised their profession in tune with the social, economic and political situation of their time.

Ex: The name to be chosen for the author must be, by rule 40, 'the name by which he is commonly identified, whether it is his real name, or an assumed name, nickname, title of nobility, or other appellation'.

Ex: This approach involves the establishment and communication of organizational goals, the setting of individual objectives pursuant to the organizational goals, and the periodic and then final review of performance as it relates to the objectives.

Ex: In concurrence with the advent of what Anthony Oettinger called 'compunications', the fusion of computing and communication, we need to develop a new vision of a future for national libraries.

Ex: Libraries will make judgements based on criteria such as better information resources, quicker answers, and more cost-effective services = Las bibliotecas tomarán decisiones de acuerdo con criterios tales como mejores recursos informativos, rapidez de respuesta y servicios más rentables.

Ex: The findings of this study were in agreement with most similar studies of the journal literature of the humanities with one important exception.

Ex: As far as he knew (and he had been with the library 37 years) subsequent boards had not changed the rule.

Ex: New modes may emerge in the future in consonance with new research trends and changing social needs.

Ex: In accord with much existing literature, results indicate that a large part of the gender pay gap is unexplained, even when a wide range of variables are included.

Ex: The number of titles is expected to double within a relatively short period, judging by the enthusiasm expressed by the publishers.

Ex: To judge by some of the comments presented here, weeding may function as a homogenizing agent in many public libraries, creating a situation where the product lines (books) offered show little variation from library to library.

Ex: The public library is not exempt from this rule, and in conformity with it this report has been prepared to offer a detailed answer to the challenge of the public.

Ex: In her view, it is high time for the plays by this versatile and prolific dramatist to begin elbowing their way into the American repertoire.

Ex: Judging from the history of warfare and skirmish between the British and the French, I am surprised you are so civil towards each other.

Spanish-English dictionary > de acuerdo con
5 Huygens, Christiaan

SUBJECT AREA: Horology

[br]

b. 14 April 1629 The Hague, the Netherlands

d. 8 June 1695 The Hague, the Netherlands

[br]

Dutch scientist who was responsible for two of the greatest advances in horology: the successful application of both the pendulum to the clock and the balance spring to the watch.

[br]

Huygens was born into a cultured and privileged class. His father, Constantijn, was a poet and statesman who had wide interests. Constantijn exerted a strong influence on his son, who was educated at home until he reached the age of 16. Christiaan studied law and mathematics at Ley den University from 1645 to 1647, and continued his studies at the Collegium Arausiacum in Breda until 1649. He then lived at The Hague, where he had the means to devote his time entirely to study. In 1666 he became a Member of the Académie des Sciences in Paris and settled there until his return to The Hague in 1681. He also had a close relationship with the Royal Society and visited London on three occasions, meeting Newton on his last visit in 1689. Huygens had a wide range of interests and made significant contributions in mathematics, astronomy, optics and mechanics. He also made technical advances in optical instruments and horology.

Despite the efforts of Burgi there had been no significant improvement in the performance of ordinary clocks and watches from their inception to Huygens's time, as they were controlled by foliots or balances which had no natural period of oscillation. The pendulum appeared to offer a means of improvement as it had a natural period of oscillation that was almost independent of amplitude. Galileo Galilei had already pioneered the use of a freely suspended pendulum for timing events, but it was by no means obvious how it could be kept swinging and used to control a clock. Towards the end of his life Galileo described such a. mechanism to his son Vincenzio, who constructed a model after his father's death, although it was not completed when he himself died in 1642. This model appears to have been copied in Italy, but it had little influence on horology, partly because of the circumstances in which it was produced and possibly also because it differed radically from clocks of that period. The crucial event occurred on Christmas Day 1656 when Huygens, quite independently, succeeded in adapting an existing spring-driven table clock so that it was not only controlled by a pendulum but also kept it swinging. In the following year he was granted a privilege or patent for this clock, and several were made by the clockmaker Salomon Coster of The Hague. The use of the pendulum produced a dramatic improvement in timekeeping, reducing the daily error from minutes to seconds, but Huygens was aware that the pendulum was not truly isochronous. This error was magnified by the use of the existing verge escapement, which made the pendulum swing through a large arc. He overcame this defect very elegantly by fitting cheeks at the pendulum suspension point, progressively reducing the effective length of the pendulum as the amplitude increased. Initially the cheeks were shaped empirically, but he was later able to show that they should have a cycloidal shape. The cheeks were not adopted universally because they introduced other defects, and the problem was eventually solved more prosaically by way of new escapements which reduced the swing of the pendulum. Huygens's clocks had another innovatory feature: maintaining power, which kept the clock going while it was being wound.

Pendulums could not be used for portable timepieces, which continued to use balances despite their deficiencies. Robert Hooke was probably the first to apply a spring to the balance, but his efforts were not successful. From his work on the pendulum Huygens was well aware of the conditions necessary for isochronism in a vibrating system, and in January 1675, with a flash of inspiration, he realized that this could be achieved by controlling the oscillations of the balance with a spiral spring, an arrangement that is still used in mechanical watches. The first model was made for Huygens in Paris by the clockmaker Isaac Thuret, who attempted to appropriate the invention and patent it himself. Huygens had for many years been trying unsuccessfully to adapt the pendulum clock for use at sea (in order to determine longitude), and he hoped that a balance-spring timekeeper might be better suited for this purpose. However, he was disillusioned as its timekeeping proved to be much more susceptible to changes in temperature than that of the pendulum clock.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

FRS 1663. Member of the Académie Royale des Sciences 1666.

Bibliography

For his complete works, see Oeuvres complètes de Christian Huygens, 1888–1950, 22 vols, The Hague.

1658, Horologium, The Hague; repub., 1970, trans. E.L.Edwardes, Antiquarian

Horology 7:35–55 (describes the pendulum clock).

1673, Horologium Oscillatorium, Paris; repub., 1986, The Pendulum Clock or Demonstrations Concerning the Motion ofPendula as Applied to Clocks, trans.

R.J.Blackwell, Ames.

The balance spring watch was first described in Journal des Sçavans 25 February 1675, and translated in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1675) 4:272–3.

Further Reading

H.J.M.Bos, 1972, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, ed. C.C.Gillispie, Vol. 6, New York, pp. 597–613 (for a fuller account of his life and scientific work, but note the incorrect date of his death).

R.Plomp, 1979, Spring-Driven Dutch Pendulum Clocks, 1657–1710, Schiedam (describes Huygens's application of the pendulum to the clock).

S.A.Bedini, 1991, The Pulse of Time, Florence (describes Galileo's contribution of the pendulum to the clock).

J.H.Leopold, 1982, "L"Invention par Christiaan Huygens du ressort spiral réglant pour les montres', Huygens et la France, Paris, pp. 154–7 (describes the application of the balance spring to the watch).

A.R.Hall, 1978, "Horology and criticism", Studia Copernica 16:261–81 (discusses Hooke's contribution).

DV

Biographical history of technology > Huygens, Christiaan
6 derecho

adj.

1 right-hand, right.

2 straight, upright, erect, standing.

3 uncurved, unbowed.

4 dextral.

5 according to law, uncrooked.

adv.

straight on, straight, straightly.

m.

1 right, legitimate faculty, individual right, just claim.

2 law.

3 prerogative.

* * *

derecho

► adjetivo

1 right

■ la mano derecha the right hand

2 (recto) straight, upright

■ el cuadro no está derecho the picture isn't straight

► adverbio derecho

1 straight

■ se fue derecho a la cama he went straight to bed

■ siga derecho go straight on

► nombre masculino derecho

1 (leyes) law

■ ha estudiado derecho she studied law

2 (privilegio) right

■ los derechos de las minorías the rights of minority groups

3 (de una tela, calcetín, etc) right side

► nombre masculino plural derechos

1 (impuestos) duties, taxes; (tarifa) fees

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

con derecho a with the right to

¿con qué derecho...? what right...?

■ ¿con qué derecho te marchaste? what right did you have to leave?

dar derecho to entitle to

■ el billete te da derecho a jugar media hora the ticket entitles you to play for half an hour

de derecho by right

estar en su derecho to be within one's rights

no hacer nada a derechas figurado to do nothing right

¡no hay derecho! it's not fair!

'Reservados todos los derechos' "All rights reserved"

'Se reserva el derecho de admisión' "The management reserves the right to refuse admission"

ser un hombre hecho y derecho figurado to be a real man

tener derecho a to be entitled to, have the right to

■ nadie tiene derecho a quejarse nobody is entitled to complain

derecho civil civil law

derecho de admisión right sing to refuse admission

derecho mercantil commercial law, mercantile law

derecho penal criminal law

derecho político constitutional law

derechos civiles civil rights

derechos de aduana customs duties

derechos de autor royalties

derechos de matrícula registration fees

derechos de sucesión death duties

derechos humanos human rights

el derecho al voto the right to vote

————————

derecho

► adverbio

1 straight

■ se fue derecho a la cama he went straight to bed

■ siga derecho go straight on

► nombre masculino

* * *
1. noun m.
1) law

2) right

•

- derechos civiles
- derechos de autor 2. (f. - derecha)
adj.

1) right

2) straight

3) upright

* * *

1. ADJ

1) [línea, dirección] (=recto) straight; (=vertical) upright, straight

traza las líneas derechas — draw the lines straight

siéntate derecho — sit upright o straight

anda derecha — walk upright, stand straight when you walk

• poner algo derecho — (=no torcido) to put sth straight, straighten sth; (=no caído) to stand sth upright

- tener a algn más derecho que una vela

2) (=del lado derecho) [brazo, pierna, oreja] right; [lado, cajón] right-hand

tiene toda la parte derecha del cuerpo paralizada — he's paralysed down the right side of his body

entre por la puerta derecha — go through the right-hand door
brazo 1), ojo 1)
3) (=honrado) honest, straight

4) CAm (=afortunado) lucky

2. ADV

1) (=en línea recta)

seguir derecho — to carry o go straight on

siga todo derecho — carry o go straight on

2) (=directamente) straight

después del cine, derechito para casa — after the cinema, straight home

fui derecho a Londres — I went straight to London

3. SM

1) (Jur) (=estudios, legislación) law; (=justicia) justice

estudiante de Derecho — law student

Facultad de Derecho — Faculty of Law

lo que manda el derecho en este caso — what justice demands in this case

• conforme a derecho — in accordance with the law

no actuó conforme a derecho — he acted unlawfully

• propietario en derecho — legal owner

• por derecho — in law, legally

lo que me corresponde por derecho — what is legally mine, what is mine by law

• por derecho propio — in one's own right

derecho administrativo — administrative law

derecho canónico — canon law

derecho civil — civil law

derecho comunitario — Community law

derecho consuetudinario — common law

derecho de compañías — company law

derecho de familia — family law

derecho del trabajo — labour o (EEUU) labor law

derecho de sociedades — company law

derecho escrito — statute law

derecho fiscal — tax law

derecho foral — legislation pertaining to those Spanish regions which have charters called "fueros"

derecho internacional — international law

derecho laboral — labour law, labor law (EEUU)

derecho marítimo — maritime law

derecho mercantil — commercial law

derecho penal — criminal law

derecho político — constitutional law

derecho positivo — statute law

derecho privado — private law

derecho procesal — procedural law

derecho público — public law

derecho romano — Roman law

derecho tributario — tax law

2) [de persona, entidad] right

se reserva el derecho de admisión — the management reserve(s) the right to refuse admission

¿con qué derecho me hablas así? — what right have you to talk to me that way?

es miembro de pleno derecho — he's a full member

¡no hay derecho! — it's not fair!

• derecho a la educación — right to education

el derecho a la libertad — the right to be free

derecho a la intimidad — right to o of privacy

lo único que nos queda es el derecho al pataleo — hum the only thing we can do is kick up a fuss *

derecho al voto, derecho a votar — [gen] right to vote; [como derecho civil] franchise, right to vote

• con derecho a algo — entitled to sth

declaraciones de la renta con derecho a devolución — tax returns entitled to a rebate

entrada con derecho a consumición — entrance ticket including one free drink

• dar derecho a hacer algo — to give the right to do sth

eso no te da derecho a hablarme así — that doesn't give you the right to talk to me that way

• estar en su derecho — to be within one's rights

claro, estás en tu derecho de decir lo que quieras — of course, you are perfectly entitled to say whatever you like

• tener derecho a algo — to be entitled to sth

no tenemos derecho a vacaciones — we are not entitled to holidays

tener derecho a hacer algo — to have a o the right to do sth

no tienes ningún derecho a insultarme — you have no right to insult me

derecho de asilo — right of asylum

derecho de huelga — right to strike

derecho de paso — right of way, easement (EEUU)

derecho de pernada — ( Hist) droit du seigneur

derecho de réplica — right of reply

derecho de retención — (Com) lien

derecho de reunión — right of assembly

derecho de tránsito — right of passage

derecho de veto — right of veto

derecho de visita — right of access

derecho divino — divine right

derecho preferente — preferential right

derechos civiles — civil rights

derechos de la mujer — women's rights

3) pl derechos (Com) rights

"reservados todos los derechos" — "all rights reserved"

tienen los derechos exclusivos para la venta del disco — they have the exclusive rights to sales of the record

derechos cinematográficos — film rights

derechos de antena — broadcasting rights

derechos de autor — copyright sing

derechos de edición — publishing rights

derechos de emisión — (TV, Radio) broadcasting rights

derechos de patente — patent rights

derechos editoriales — publishing rights

derechos humanos — human rights

Declaración de los Derechos Humanos — Declaration of Human Rights

4) pl derechos (=honorarios) [de arquitecto, notario] fee(s); (=impuestos) duty sing

franco de derechos — duty-free

sujeto a derechos — subject to duty, dutiable

derechos aduaneros, derechos arancelarios, derechos de aduana — customs duty

derechos de asesoría, derechos de consulta — consulting fees, consultancy fees

derechos de autor — royalties

derechos de enganche — (Telec) connection charges

derechos de entrada — import duties

derechos de exportación — export duties

derechos de importación — import duties

derechos de matrícula — registration fee sing

derechos de muelle — dock dues, docking fees (EEUU)

derechos de peaje — (Aut) toll sing

derechos portuarios — harbour dues, harbor dues (EEUU)

derechos reales — tax paid after the completion of an official transaction

5) (tb: lado derecho) [de tela, papel] right side; [de calcetín, chaqueta] outside

¿cuál es el derecho de esta tela? — which is the right side of this fabric?

puedes planchar la falda por el derecho — you can iron the skirt on the outside

• poner algo al o del derecho — to put sth the right side o way up

pon el mantel del derecho — put the tablecloth the right side o way up

ponte la camiseta al derecho — put your T-shirt on the right way round

* * *
I
- cha adjetivo

1) <mano/ojo/zapato> right; < lado> right, right-hand

el ángulo superior derecho — the top right-hand corner

queda a mano derecha — it's on the right-hand side o on the right

2)

a) ( recto) straight

ese cuadro no está derecho — that picture isn't straight

pon la espalda derecha! — straighten your back!

siéntate derecho — sit up straight

b) (fam) (justo, honesto) honest, straight
II
adverbio

a) ( en línea recta) straight

siga todo derecho — go o keep straight on

b) (fam) ( directamente) straight

fue derecho al tema — he got straight o right to the point
III
masculino

1)

a) (facultad, privilegio) right

haz valer tus derechos — stand up for your rights

derechos fundamentales — basic rights

estás en tu derecho — you're within your rights

reservado el derecho de admisión — the management reserves the right to refuse admission

miembro de pleno derecho — full member

derecho a algo — right to sth

el derecho a la vida/al voto — the right to life/to vote

derecho a + inf: tengo derecho a saber I have a o the right to know; da derecho a participar en el sorteo it entitles you to participate in the draw; tiene perfecto derecho a protestar she's perfectly within her rights to protest; tengo derecho a que se me escuche I have the right to be heard; no hay derecho! (fam) it's not fair!; no hay derecho a que la traten así a una — they've no right to treat a person like that

b) (Com, Fin) tax

- derecho de asilo

- derecho de matrícula

- derecho de paso or servidumbre

- derecho de reunión

- derechos arancelarios or de aduana

- derechos cinematográficos

- derechos de autor

- derechos humanos

2) (Der) law

estudio derecho — I'm studying law

no se ajusta a derecho — it is legally flawed

- derecho administrativo/canónico/civil

- derecho empresarial/fiscal/mercantil

- derecho laboral/penal

- derecho privado/público

3) ( de prenda) right side, outside; ( de tela) right side, face

póntelo al derecho — put it on properly o right side out

* * *
I
- cha adjetivo

1) <mano/ojo/zapato> right; < lado> right, right-hand

el ángulo superior derecho — the top right-hand corner

queda a mano derecha — it's on the right-hand side o on the right

2)

a) ( recto) straight

ese cuadro no está derecho — that picture isn't straight

pon la espalda derecha! — straighten your back!

siéntate derecho — sit up straight

b) (fam) (justo, honesto) honest, straight
II
adverbio

a) ( en línea recta) straight

siga todo derecho — go o keep straight on

b) (fam) ( directamente) straight

fue derecho al tema — he got straight o right to the point
III
masculino

1)

a) (facultad, privilegio) right

haz valer tus derechos — stand up for your rights

derechos fundamentales — basic rights

estás en tu derecho — you're within your rights

reservado el derecho de admisión — the management reserves the right to refuse admission

miembro de pleno derecho — full member

derecho a algo — right to sth

el derecho a la vida/al voto — the right to life/to vote

derecho a + inf: tengo derecho a saber I have a o the right to know; da derecho a participar en el sorteo it entitles you to participate in the draw; tiene perfecto derecho a protestar she's perfectly within her rights to protest; tengo derecho a que se me escuche I have the right to be heard; no hay derecho! (fam) it's not fair!; no hay derecho a que la traten así a una — they've no right to treat a person like that

b) (Com, Fin) tax

- derecho de asilo

- derecho de matrícula

- derecho de paso or servidumbre

- derecho de reunión

- derechos arancelarios or de aduana

- derechos cinematográficos

- derechos de autor

- derechos humanos

2) (Der) law

estudio derecho — I'm studying law

no se ajusta a derecho — it is legally flawed

- derecho administrativo/canónico/civil

- derecho empresarial/fiscal/mercantil

- derecho laboral/penal

- derecho privado/público

3) ( de prenda) right side, outside; ( de tela) right side, face

póntelo al derecho — put it on properly o right side out

* * *

derecho¹

¹ = upright, straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], standing.

Ex: The letters are upright, narrow, and angular, standing on crooked feet, and the ascenders are usually decorated with barbs or thorns; f and p do not normally descend below the base line.

Ex: The right tail of the Bradford distribution has been considered to be straight or drooping.

Ex: Although this painting depicts a single standing man, his generalised features suggest that this was not meant as a portrait.

* derecho hacia al norte = due north.

* derecho hacia al sur = due south.

* derecho hacia el este = due east.

* derecho hacia el oeste = due west.

* dos entuertos no hacen un derecho = two wrongs do not make a right.

* hecho y derecho = full-bodied, full-scale, full-service, fully-fledged.

* irse derecho a = make + a beeline for.

derecho²

² = entitlement, law, right.

Ex: Community education is another form of outreach that aims to educate the public about the availability of services that can help them, about their entitlement to benefits, or about their rights under the law.

Ex: The social sciences class, 300, subsumes Economics, Politics, Law and Education.

Ex: Access to information is a fundamental right of citizenship, in fact, the fourth right, following in the footsteps of civil rights, political rights and social rights.

* bibliografía de derecho = legal bibliography.

* biblioteca de derecho = law library.

* bibliotecario de biblioteca de derecho = law librarian.

* biblioteconomía para las bibliotecas de derecho = law librarianship.

* carta de derechos = charter of rights.

* carta de derechos humanos = charter of human rights.

* colección de derecho = law collection.

* colección de libros de derecho en una prisión = prison law library.

* conceder el derecho al voto = enfranchise.

* con derecho a voto = eligible to vote.

* con derecho de autor = copyright-protected.

* con derechos de autor = copyrightable, royalty-paid.

* con pleno derecho = with full rights.

* conseguir el derecho para = win + the right to.

* dar derecho a = entitle to.

* Declaración de Derechos = Bill of Rights.

* Declaración de los Derechos del Usuario = Library Bill of Rights.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* defender los derechos de Uno = stand up for + Posesivo + rights.

* defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights campaigner.

* defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights activist.

* defensor de los derechos de los ciudadanos = citizen activist.

* defensor de los derechos humanos = human rights activist, human rights campaigner.

* de pleno derecho = in + Posesivo + own right, rightful.

* derecho administrativo = administrative law.

* derecho a independizarse, el = right to secede, the.

* derecho a la lectura = right to read.

* derecho a la libertad de expresión = right to free speech, right of free speech.

* derecho a la muerte = right to die.

* derecho a la privacidad = privacy right.

* derecho a la vida = right to live.

* derecho a leer = right to read.

* derecho al veto = veto power.

* derecho al voto = suffrage, voting rights, right to vote, the.

* derecho a vivir = right to live.

* derecho a votar = suffrage, voting rights, right to vote, the.

* derecho a voto = voting rights, suffrage, right to vote, the.

* derecho básico = natural right, basic right.

* derecho canónico = canon law.

* derecho civil = civil law.

* derecho comunitario = Community law.

* derecho constitucional = constitutional right, constitutional law.

* derecho consuetudinario = common law.

* derecho de acceso = access right.

* derecho de acceso a la información = right of access to information.

* derecho de alquiler = rental right.

* derecho de autor de la Corona = Crown copyright.

* derecho de grabación de ondas sonoras o televisivas = off-air recording right.

* derecho de la comunidad = community right.

* derecho del consumidor = consumer law.

* derecho del individuo = individual's right.

* derecho del trabajo = employment law.

* derecho de nacimiento = birthright.

* derecho de paso = the right of way, right of entry.

* derecho de patentes = patent law.

* derecho de préstamo = lending right.

* derecho de reproducción = reprographic right.

* derecho de retención = lien.

* derecho de servidumbre = easement.

* derecho de sucesión = inheritance law.

* derecho de voto = suffrage, voting rights, right to vote, the.

* derecho divino = divine right, divine law.

* derecho eclesiástico = ecclesiastical law.

* derecho eterno = eternal right.

* derecho exclusivo = exclusive right.

* derecho humano = human right.

* derecho inalienable = inalienable right, birthright, unalienable right.

* derecho internacional = international law.

* derecho laboral = employment law.

* derecho legal = legal right.

* derecho medioambiental = environmental law.

* derecho natural = natural right, natural law.

* derecho penal = criminal law, penal law.

* derecho preferente de compra = preemption [pre-emption].

* derecho público = civic right, public law.

* derechos = rights.

* derechos afines = neighbouring rights.

* derechos cívicos = civil rights.

* derechos civiles = civil rights, civil liberties.

* derechos de aduana = customs duties.

* derechos de amarre = moorage.

* derechos de atraque = moorage.

* derechos de autor = copyright, royalty [royalties, -pl.].

* derechos de la mujer = women's rights.

* derechos de la propiedad intelectual = intellectual property rights.

* derechos del ciudadano = civil liberties.

* derechos del consumidor = consumer rights [consumers' rights].

* derechos de licencia = licensing rights.

* derechos de los animales = animal rights.

* derechos democráticos = democratic rights.

* derechos de patente = patent rights.

* derechos de propiedad = property rights.

* derechos de reproducción = reproduction rights.

* derechos en materia de procreación = reproductive rights.

* derechos humanos específicos de la mujer = human rights of women.

* derechos individuales = individual rights.

* derecho soberano = sovereign right.

* derecho sobre el préstamo al público (PLR) = public lending right (PLR).

* derechos políticos = political rights.

* derechos reproductivos = reproductive rights.

* derechos sociales = social rights.

* ejercer un derecho = exercise + right.

* estado de derecho = rule of law.

* facultad de derecho = law school.

* hacer valer sus derechos = assert + Posesivo + rights.

* igualdad de derechos = equal rights, equality of rights.

* individualización de los derechos = individualisation of rights.

* infracción del derecho de autor = copyright infringement.

* infringir un derecho = infringe + right, violate + right.

* instrucción sobre los derechos de los ciudadanos = community education.

* ley de derechos de autor = copyright law.

* Ley del Derecho a la Privacidad = privacy law, privacy protection law, Privacy Act.

* libre de derechos de autor = royalty-free.

* libro de derecho = law book.

* luchar por los derechos = campaign for + rights.

* material protegido por el derecho de autor = copyright material, copyrighted material.

* mención de derecho de autor = statement of copyright.

* movimiento en defensa de los derechos de la mujer = women's rights movement.

* movimiento en defensa de los derechos de los animales = animal rights movement.

* movimiento por los derechos civiles = civil rights movement.

* obra amparada por el derecho de autor = copyright work.

* obtener el derecho para = win + the right to.

* oficina de derechos de autor = copyright office.

* pagar derechos reales = pay + royalty.

* propietario de los derechos de autor = rightholder.

* protegido por el derecho de autor = copyrighted, copyright-protected.

* reclamar el derecho a Algo = stake + Posesivo + claim.

* reivindicar el derecho de Uno = stake + Posesivo + claim.

* reservados todos los derechos = all rights reserved.

* reservarse el derecho de = reserve + the right to.

* respetar un derecho = respect + right.

* sociedad de gestión de derechos de autor = copyright collective, copyright collecting society, copyright collecting agency.

* tarifa de derechos de autor = royalty charge.

* tener derecho a = be entitled to, have + a right to, entitle to, have + the right to, have + a say in.

* tener derecho a expresar + Posesivo + opinión = be entitled to + Posesivo + own opinion.

* tener derecho de paso = have + the right of way.

* tener el derecho de = have + the right to.

* titular del derecho = payee entitled.

* titular del derecho de autor = rights-holder [rightsholder], copyright holder.

* titular de los derechos de autor = rights-owner.

* todos los derechos reservados = all rights reserved.

* violación del derecho de la gente a + Nombre = invasion of people's right to + Nombre.

* violación de los derechos humanos = violation of human rights, human rights abuse.

* violar los derechos = invade + rights.

* violar un derecho = infringe + right, violate + right.

* * *

derecho¹ - cha

adjective

A ‹mano/ojo/zapato› right; ‹lado› right, right-hand

el ángulo superior derecho the top right-hand angle

queda a mano derecha it's on the right-hand side o on the right

tiene el lado derecho paralizado he's paralyzed down his right side

B

1 (recto) straight

ese cuadro no está derecho that picture isn't straight

¿tengo el sombrero derecho? is my hat (on) straight?

¡pon la espalda derecha! straighten your back!

siéntate derecho sit up straight

cortar por lo derecho ( Chi); to take drastic measures

2 ( fam) (justo, honesto) honest, straight

derecho²

adverb

1 (en línea recta) straight

siga todo derecho por esta calle go o keep straight on down this street

corta derecho cut it straight

2 ( fam) (directamente) straight

fue derecho al tema he got straight o right to the point

y de aquí derechito a casa and from here you go straight home

derecho viejo ( RPl fam); straight

si no te gusta, se lo dices derecho viejo if you don't like it, tell him straight

derecho³

masculine

A

1 (facultad, privilegio) right

tienes que hacer valer tus derechos you have to stand up for your rights

derechos fundamentales basic rights

estás en tu derecho you're within your rights

el derecho que me asiste ( frml); my right

[ S ] reservado el derecho de admisión right of admission reserved, the management reserves the right to refuse admission

¿con qué derecho te apropias de lo que es mío? what right do you have to take something that belongs to me?

miembro de pleno derecho full member

derecho A algo right TO sth

el derecho a la vida/libertad the right to life/freedom

el derecho al voto the right to vote

derecho A + INF:

tengo derecho a saber I have a o the right to know

eso no te da derecho a insultarme that doesn't give you the right to insult me

da derecho a participar en el sorteo it entitles you to participate in the draw

no tienes ningún derecho a hacerme esto you have no right to do this to me

tiene perfecto derecho a protestar she's perfectly within her rights to protest

derecho A QUE + SUBJ:

tengo tanto derecho como tú a que se me escuche I have as much right as you to be heard

derecho al pataleo ( fam hum): después no hay derecho al pataleo you can't start kicking up a fuss later ( colloq)

déjame que por lo menos haga uso de mi derecho al pataleo at least let me have my say ( colloq)

¡no hay derecho! ( fam); it's not fair!, it's just not on! ( colloq)

no hay derecho a que la traten así a una they've no right to treat a person like that

pagar el derecho de piso (CS fam); to pay one's dues

2 ( Com, Fin) tax

Compuestos:

● derecho a la intimidad

right to privacy

● derecho de acceso

right of access

● derecho de adquisición

acquisition rights (pl), rights of acquisition (pl)

● derecho de agrupación

derecho de asociación

● derecho de asilo

right of asylum

● derecho de asociación

freedom of association o assembly

● derecho de autodefensa

right of self-defense*

● derecho de autodeterminación

right to self-determination

● derecho de defensa propia

right of self-defense*

● derecho de gracia

prerogative of mercy

● derecho de huelga

right to strike

● derecho de llave

(de una propiedad) premium; (de un negocio) goodwill

● derecho de matrícula

registration fee

● derecho de nacimiento

birthright

● derecho de paso or servidumbre

right of way

● derecho de patente

patent right

● derecho de pernada

droit de seigneur

● derecho de propiedad

right of ownership

● derecho de propiedad intelectual or literaria

(literary) copyright

● derecho de publicación

publishing rights (pl)

● derecho de reproducción

copyright

● derecho de residencia

right of abode

● derecho de retención

lien

● derecho de retracto

right of repurchase

● derecho de reunión

right of assembly

● derecho de sufragio activo

right to vote

● derecho de sufragio pasivo

right to run for election ( AmE), right to stand for election ( BrE)

● derecho de tanteo

right of first refusal

● derecho de tránsito

passage

● derecho de or al veto

right o power of veto

● derecho de visita

right of access ( to children)

● derecho divino

divine right

● derecho preferente de compra

pre-emption right

● derechos adquiridos

mpl vested or acquired rights (pl)

● derechos arancelarios or de aduana

mpl customs duties (pl)

● derechos cinematográficos

mpl film rights (pl)

● derechos civiles

mpl civil rights (pl), civil liberties (pl)

● derechos conyugales

mpl conjugal rights (pl)

● derechos de adaptación cinematográfica or al cine

mpl film rights (pl), movie rights (pl) ( AmE), screen rights (pl)

● derechos de antena

mpl broadcasting rights (pl)

● derechos de autor

mpl royalties (pl)

● derechos de examen

mpl examination fees (pl)

● derechos de exportación/importación

mpl export/import duties (pl)

● derechos de interpretación or representación

mpl performing rights (pl)

● derechos de la mujer

mpl women's rights (pl)

● derechos del consumidor

mpl consumer rights (pl)

● derechos del individuo

mpl rights of the individual (pl)

● derechos de los trabajadores

mpl workers' rights (pl)

● derechos de pasto

mpl grazing rights (pl)

● derechos de peaje

mpl ( Auto) tolls (pl)

● derechos de puerto

mpl port o anchorage dues (pl)

● derechos de reedición en rústica

mpl paperback rights (pl)

● derechos de reproducción

mpl copyright (pl)

● derechos editoriales

mpl publishing rights (pl)

● derechos humanos

mpl human rights (pl)

● derechos portuarios

mpl harbor* dues (pl)

B ( Der) law

estudio derecho I'm studying law

según el derecho inglés according to o under English law

no se ajusta a derechoor no es conforme a derecho it is not lawful

Compuestos:

● derecho administrativo

administrative law

● derecho aeronáutico

aviation law

● derecho canónico

canon law

● derecho civil

civil law

● derecho comercial

commercial law

● derecho comunitario

community law

● derecho comparado

comparative law

● derecho consuetudinario

common law

● derecho contractual

contract law

● derecho de familia

family law

● derecho de patentes

patent law

● derecho empresarial

business law

● derecho escrito

statute law

● derecho fiscal

tax law

● derecho internacional

international law

● derecho laboral

labor* law

● derecho marítimo

maritime law

● derecho mercantil

commercial law

● derecho penal

criminal law

● derecho positivo

statute law

● derecho privado

private law

● derecho procesal

procedural law

● derecho público

public law

C (de una prenda) right side, outside; (de una tela) right side, face

es de doble faz, no tiene derecho ni revés it's reversible, it doesn't have a right and a wrong side

no lo planches por el derecho don't iron it on the right side, iron it inside out

póntelo al derecho put it on properly o right side out

* * *

derecho 1
◊ - cha adjetivo

1 ‹mano/ojo/zapato› right;
‹ lado› right, right-hand;
◊ el ángulo superior derecho the top right-hand corner;

queda a mano derecha it's on the right-hand side o on the right
2
a) ( recto) straight;

◊ ese cuadro no está derecho that picture isn't straight;

siéntate derecho sit up straight
b) (fam) (justo, honesto) honest, straight

derecho 2 adverbio
straight;
◊ siga todo derecho go o keep straight on

derecho 3 sustantivo masculino
1
a) (facultad, privilegio) right;

◊ derechos humanos human rights (pl);

estás en tu derecho you're within your rights;
derecho a algo right to sth;
el derecho al voto the right to vote;
tengo derecho a saber I have a o the right to know;
esto da derecho a participar this entitles you to participate;
¡no hay derecho! (fam) it's not fair!
b) (Com, Fin) tax;

◊ derechos de aduana customs duties (pl);

derechos de autor royalties;
derecho de matrícula registration fee;
derecho de reproducción copyright
2 (Der) law
3 ( de prenda) right side, outside;
( de tela) right side, face;
◊ póntelo al derecho put it on properly o right side out

derecho,-a
I adjetivo
1 (lado, acera, etc) right
2 (recto, erguido) upright, straight
3 (parte del cuerpo) right: le dolía el brazo derecho, her right arm was hurting
II sustantivo masculino
1 (petición o exigencia legítima) right: está usted en su derecho, you are within your rights
no tienes derecho a decirme eso, you have no the right to tell me that
derecho de admisión, right to refuse admission
los derechos del niño, children's rights
2 Jur (conjunto de leyes) law
derecho laboral/procesal, labour/procedural law
derecho penal, criminal law
3 (justicia) no hay derecho a que nos traten así, it's not fair to treat people like that
4 Com derechos, duties
derechos de autor, royalties
III adv (en línea recta) sigue todo derecho, go straight ahead
' derecho' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
admisión
- brazo
- constitucional
- derecha
- digna
- digno
- disputarse
- ejercer
- enchufada
- enchufado
- foral
- jurisprudencia
- mercantil
- obstáculo
- opción
- otorgar
- pataleo
- plena
- pleno
- poder
- proteger
- reclamar
- reconocer
- renunciar
- rescate
- reservarse
- restringir
- segundón
- segundona
- sostener
- suprimir
- unirse
- voto
- arancelario
- carrera
- ceder
- cojo
- cuestión
- cursar
- desistir
- directamente
- discutir
- disfrutar
- disputar
- doctor
- en
- enderezar
- extremo
- fuero
- goce
English:
bar
- basic
- check up on
- claim
- clause
- commercial law
- common law
- criminal law
- entitle
- entitlement
- entry
- exercise
- fair
- forehand
- forfeit
- franchise
- fully-fledged
- grant
- grown
- ineligible
- law
- LLB
- LLD
- nineteenth
- pension
- prerogative
- privacy
- qualify
- relinquish
- right
- right brain
- right-hand
- right-hand man
- Roman law
- sign away
- standing
- statutory
- straight
- straighten
- straighten up
- surrender
- title
- upright
- common
- county
- criminal
- crown
- disenfranchise
- due
- eligible

* * *

derecho, -a

♦ adj

1. [vertical] upright;
[recto] straight;
este cuadro no está derecho this picture isn't straight;

recogió la lámpara del suelo y la puso derecha she picked the lamp up off the floor and stood it upright;

siéntate o [m5] ponte derecho o te dolerá la espalda sit straight or you'll get backache;

siempre anda muy derecha she always walks with a very straight back

2. [de la derecha] right;

mano/pierna derecha right hand/leg;

el margen derecho the right-hand margin;

a mano derecha on the right, on the right-hand side

♦ nm

1. [leyes, estudio] law;

un estudiante de derecho a law student;

estudiar derecho to study o read law;

una licenciada en derecho a law graduate;

la Facultad de Derecho the Faculty of Law;

voy a Derecho a una conferencia I'm going to a lecture in the Faculty of Law;

el derecho me asiste the law is on my side;

conforme o [m5] según derecho according to the law

Comp
derecho administrativo administrative law;
derecho canónico canon law;

derecho civil civil law;

derecho constitucional constitutional law;

derecho consuetudinario common law;

derecho financiero financial law;

derecho fiscal tax law;

derecho foral = ancient regional laws still existing in some parts of Spain;

derecho internacional international law;

derecho internacional público public international law;

derecho laboral labour law, employment law;

derecho marítimo maritime law;

derecho mercantil commercial law, mercantile law;

derecho natural natural law;

derecho de patentes patent law;

derecho penal criminal law;

derecho privado private law;

derecho procesal procedural law;

derecho público public law;

derecho romano Roman law;

derecho de sociedades Br company law, US corporation law;

derecho del trabajo labour law

2. [prerrogativa] right;

el derecho al voto the right to vote;

los derechos de la mujer women's rights;

los derechos y obligaciones del consumidor the rights and responsibilities of the consumer;
Fam
me queda el derecho al pataleo all I can do now is complain;

¿con qué derecho entras en mi casa sin llamar? what gives you the right to come into my house without knocking?;

con derecho a dos consumiciones [en entrada] this ticket entitles the holder to two free drinks;

esta tarjeta me da derecho a un 5 por ciento de descuento this card entitles me to a 5 percent discount;

el que sea el jefe no le da derecho a tratarnos así just because he's the boss doesn't mean he can o doesn't give him the right to treat us like this;

si quiere abstenerse, está en su derecho if she wants to abstain, she's perfectly within her rights to do so;

hizo valer sus derechos he exercised his rights;

¡no hay derecho! it's not fair!;

¡no hay derecho a que unos tengan tanto y otros tan poco! it's not fair that some people should have so much and others so little!;

es de derecho que consiga la indemnización que reclama it is only right that she should receive the compensation she is claiming;

miembro de pleno derecho full member;

ha entrado, por derecho propio o [m5]por propio derecho, en la historia de la literatura she's gone down in literary history in her own right;

reservado el derecho de admisión [en letrero] the management reserves the right of admission;

reservados todos los derechos all rights reserved;

tener derecho a algo to have a right to sth, to be entitled to sth;

tener derecho a hacer algo to have the right to do sth, to be entitled to do sth;

tengo derecho a descansar, ¿no? I'm entitled to be able to rest now and then, aren't I?;

no tienes ningún derecho a insultarme you have no right to insult me

Comp
derechos de antena broadcasting rights;
derecho de apelación right of appeal;

derecho de asilo right of asylum;

derechos de autor [potestad] copyright;

derechos civiles civil rights;

derecho de distribución distribution rights;

derechos especiales de giro special drawing rights;

derecho de gracia right to show clemency;

derechos humanos human rights;

derecho de paso right of way;
Hist derecho de pernada droit du seigneur;
derechos de propiedad proprietary rights;

derecho de réplica right to reply;

derecho de respuesta right to reply;
Econ derecho de retención right of retention;
derecho de reunión right of assembly;

derecho de visita (a los hijos) [de divorciado] visiting rights, right of access

3. [contrario de revés] right side;

me puse el jersey del derecho I put my jumper on the right way round o properly;

cose los botones del derecho sew the buttons on the right side

♦ derechos nmpl
[tasas] duties, taxes; [profesionales] fees
Comp
derechos de aduana customs duty;
derechos de autor [dinero] royalties;

derechos de entrada import duties;

derechos de examen examination fees;

derechos de importación import duty;

derechos de inscripción membership fee;

derechos de matrícula matriculation fee;

derechos de puerto harbour dues;

derechos reales death duty

♦ adv

1. [en línea recta] straight;

fue derecho a su despacho she went straight to her office;

se fue derecho a casa she went straight home;

todo derecho straight ahead;

siga todo derecho para llegar al museo carry on straight ahead and you'll come to the museum

2. [sin rodeos] straight;

iré derecho al asunto I'll get straight to the point;
RP
decir o [m5] hacer algo derecho viejo to say sth straight out, to come right out with sth

* * *

derecho

I adj

1 lado right

2 ( recto) straight

3 C.Am. fig

straight, honest

II adv straight;

siga derecho carry straight on;

tenerse derecho stand up/sit up straight;

poner derecho algo straighten sth; vertical right sth, set sth upright;

vamos derecho a casa we’re going straight home

III m

1 ( privilegio) right;

con derecho a with a right to;

dar derecho a alguien a algo entitle s.o. to sth;

la tarjeta da derecho a entrar gratuitamente the card entitles you to free entry;

tener derecho a have a right to, be entitled to;

tener el derecho de have the right to, be entitled to;

estar en su derecho be within one’s rights;

no hay derecho it’s not fair, it’s not right;

miembro de pleno derecho full member

2 JUR law;

estudiar derecho study law

3

:

del derecho vestido, jersey on the right side

IV mpl

:

derechos fees;

derechos de almacenaje storage charges

* * *

derecho adv

1) : straight

2) : upright

3) : directly

derecho, - cha adj

1) : right

2) : right-hand

3) recto: straight, upright, erect

derecho nm

1) : right

derechos humanos: human rights

2) : law

derecho civil: civil law

3) : right side (of cloth or clothing)

* * *

derecho¹ adj

1. (diestro) right

tengo algo en el ojo derecho I've got something in my right eye

2. (recto) straight

ponte derecho stand up straight

derecho² adv straight

se fue derecho a casa she went straight home

derecho³ n

1. (facultad, posibilidad) right

todos los niños tienen derecho a la enseñanza gratuita all children have a right to free education

2. (leyes, ciencia) law

el derecho criminal criminal law

ha estudiado derecho he's studied law

3. (anverso) right side

vuélvelo al derecho turn it round the right way

no hay derecho it's not fair

derechos humanos human rights

Spanish-English dictionary > derecho
7 Roberts, Richard

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Textiles

[br]

b. 22 April 1789 Carreghova, Llanymynech, Montgomeryshire, Wales

d. 11 March 1864 London, England

[br]

Welsh mechanical engineer and inventor.

[br]

Richard Roberts was the son of a shoemaker and tollkeeper and received only an elementary education at the village school. At the age of 10 his interest in mechanics was stimulated when he was allowed by the Curate, the Revd Griffith Howell, to use his lathe and other tools. As a young man Roberts acquired a considerable local reputation for his mechanical skills, but these were exercised only in his spare time. For many years he worked in the local limestone quarries, until at the age of 20 he obtained employment as a pattern-maker in Staffordshire. In the next few years he worked as a mechanic in Liverpool, Manchester and Salford before moving in 1814 to London, where he obtained employment with Henry Maudslay. In 1816 he set up on his own account in Manchester. He soon established a reputation there for gear-cutting and other general engineering work, especially for the textile industry, and by 1821 he was employing about twelve men. He built machine tools mainly for his own use, including, in 1817, one of the first planing machines.

One of his first inventions was a gas meter, but his first patent was obtained in 1822 for improvements in looms. His most important contribution to textile technology was his invention of the self-acting spinning mule, patented in 1825. The normal fourteen-year term of this patent was extended in 1839 by a further seven years. Between 1826 and 1828 Roberts paid several visits to Alsace, France, arranging cottonspinning machinery for a new factory at Mulhouse. By 1826 he had become a partner in the firm of Sharp Brothers, the company then becoming Sharp, Roberts \& Co. The firm continued to build textile machinery, and in the 1830s it built locomotive engines for the newly created railways and made one experimental steam-carriage for use on roads. The partnership was dissolved in 1843, the Sharps establishing a new works to continue locomotive building while Roberts retained the existing factory, known as the Globe Works, where he soon after took as partners R.G.Dobinson and Benjamin Fothergill (1802–79). This partnership was dissolved c. 1851, and Roberts continued in business on his own for a few years before moving to London as a consulting engineer.

During the 1840s and 1850s Roberts produced many new inventions in a variety of fields, including machine tools, clocks and watches, textile machinery, pumps and ships. One of these was a machine controlled by a punched-card system similar to the Jacquard loom for punching rivet holes in plates. This was used in the construction of the Conway and Menai Straits tubular bridges. Roberts was granted twenty-six patents, many of which, before the Patent Law Amendment Act of 1852, covered more than one invention; there were still other inventions he did not patent. He made his contribution to the discussion which led up to the 1852 Act by publishing, in 1830 and 1833, pamphlets suggesting reform of the Patent Law.

In the early 1820s Roberts helped to establish the Manchester Mechanics' Institute, and in 1823 he was elected a member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. He frequently contributed to their proceedings and in 1861 he was made an Honorary Member. He was elected a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1838. From 1838 to 1843 he served as a councillor of the then-new Municipal Borough of Manchester. In his final years, without the assistance of business partners, Roberts suffered financial difficulties, and at the time of his death a fund for his aid was being raised.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Member, Institution of Civil Engineers 1838.

Further Reading

There is no full-length biography of Richard Roberts but the best account is H.W.Dickinson, 1945–7, "Richard Roberts, his life and inventions", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 25:123–37.

W.H.Chaloner, 1968–9, "New light on Richard Roberts, textile engineer (1789–1864)", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 41:27–44.

RTS

Biographical history of technology > Roberts, Richard
8 club

m.

club.

club de fans fan club

club de fútbol soccer o football club (British)

club náutico yacht club

* * *

club

► nombre masculino (pl clubs o clubes)

1 club, society

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

club de campo country club

club de fútbol football club

club de golf golf club

club de mar yacht club

club de tenis tennis club

club náutico yacht club

club nocturno night club

* * *

noun m.

club

* * *

SM
(pl clubs ó clubes)
1) (=sociedad) club

club de fans — fan club

club de fútbol — football club

club de golf — golf club

club deportivo — sports club

club de tiro — shooting club, rifle club

club náutico — yacht club

2) (=bar) club

club de alterne — hostess club

club de carretera — roadside brothel

club nocturno — night club

* * *

masculino (pl clubs or -es) club

club náutico — yacht club

- club nocturno

* * *

= club.

Ex. The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.

----

* club aristocrático = gentleman's club.

* club de campo = country club.

* club de deportes = sport(s) club.

* club de fans = fandom.

* club de lectores = book club.

* club de lectura = reading club.

* club de playa = beach club.

* club deportivo = sporting club, sport(s) club.

* club de remo = rowing club.

* club juvenil = youth club.

* club nocturno = nightclub.

* club privado = gentleman's club.

* club social = social club, civic club.

* droga de club = club drug.

* videoclub = video rental shop.

* * *

masculino (pl clubs or -es) club

club náutico — yacht club

- club nocturno

* * *

= club.

Ex: The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.

* club aristocrático = gentleman's club.

* club de campo = country club.

* club de deportes = sport(s) club.

* club de fans = fandom.

* club de lectores = book club.

* club de lectura = reading club.

* club de playa = beach club.

* club deportivo = sporting club, sport(s) club.

* club de remo = rowing club.

* club juvenil = youth club.

* club nocturno = nightclub.

* club privado = gentleman's club.

* club social = social club, civic club.

* droga de club = club drug.

* videoclub = video rental shop.

* * *

club

masculine

(pl clubs or clubes)

(asociación) club; (local) club

club de tenis tennis club

club náutico yacht club

Compuesto:

club nocturno

nightclub

* * *

club sustantivo masculino (pl
◊ clubs or -es) club;

club juvenil youth club;
club nocturno nightclub
club sustantivo masculino club

' club' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
asociada
- asociado
- cuota
- entrar
- escalabrar
- estaca
- estatuto
- garrote
- gorila
- haber
- hípica
- hípico
- ingresar
- inobservancia
- inscribirse
- invicta
- invicto
- palo
- peña
- sala
- socia
- socio
- tablao
- teleclub
- trébol
- videoclub
- asociar
- atlético
- baja
- bandera
- boite
- cachiporra
- campestre
- carné
- casino
- cineclub
- deportivo
- elitista
- exclusividad
- exclusivo
- fichar
- garrotazo
- macana
- mazo
- selecto
- sociedad
- tranca
- vestidor
- vestier
- vestuario
English:
AA
- belong
- bouncer
- by-law
- clientele
- club
- club sandwich
- clubhouse
- country club
- due
- exclude
- fan club
- fraternity
- golf club
- hostess
- initiation
- join
- nightclub
- nightly
- Rotary Club
- yacht club
- ban
- committee
- dive
- entrance
- establishment
- exclusive
- fan
- get
- go
- golf
- guild
- hot
- iron
- keen
- meet
- member
- membership
- night
- putter
- RAC
- senior
- society
- spa
- swing
- yacht
- youth

* * *

club (pl clubs o clubes) nm

1. [sociedad] club

Comp
club deportivo sports club;
club de fans fan club;

club de fútbol soccer o Br football club;

club de golf golf club;

club juvenil youth club;

club náutico yacht club;

club de tenis tennis club

2. [local social] club

3. club nocturno nightclub

* * *

club

m club

* * *

club nm

: club

* * *

club n club

un club de tenis a tennis club

un club juvenil a youth club

Spanish-English dictionary > club
9 incorporación

f.

1 incorporation, joining, appending, inclusion.

2 incorporated item, included item.

3 incorporation, incorporation of a company.

* * *

incorporación

► nombre femenino

1 (llegada) arrival; (inclusión) inclusion; (unión) joining

■ han anunciado la incorporación de tres nuevas secretarias a la plantilla they have announced that three new secretaries are joining the staff

■ la incorporación de la mujer al mundo del trabajo women entering the job market

■ fue el año de la plena incorporación de España a la CEE it was the year Spain became a full member of the EEC

■ la incorporación del sonido al cine the coming of sound to the cinema

■ espera su incorporación a filas he's waiting to be called up

■ la incorporación de Nadal ha reforzado notablemente el equipo Nadal's joining the team has strengthened it considerably

2 (del cuerpo) sitting-up

* * *

SF [gen] incorporation; [a filas] enlisting, enlistment

la incorporación del ejército al gabinete — the inclusion of the Army in the Cabinet

"sueldo a convenir, incorporación inmediata" — "salary negotiable, start immediately"

* * *

femenino incorporation

buen sueldo, incorporación inmediata — good salary, to start immediately

* * *

= incorporation, accession, entry, addition.

Ex. The incorporation of such features into a system would permit us to create a machine-based catalog rather than a reference file of bibliographic records.

Ex. The documents concerning the accession of Greece to the European Communities were published in the official journal in 1979.

Ex. The entry, change, and extraction of word and phrases from abstracts is described in detail in Chapter 9.

Ex. A scheme should allow expansion, to permit the additions of new subjects or more specific subdivision of existing subjects.

----

* incorporación social = social inclusion.

* * *

femenino incorporation

buen sueldo, incorporación inmediata — good salary, to start immediately

* * *

= incorporation, accession, entry, addition.

Ex: The incorporation of such features into a system would permit us to create a machine-based catalog rather than a reference file of bibliographic records.

Ex: The documents concerning the accession of Greece to the European Communities were published in the official journal in 1979.

Ex: The entry, change, and extraction of word and phrases from abstracts is described in detail in Chapter 9.

Ex: A scheme should allow expansion, to permit the additions of new subjects or more specific subdivision of existing subjects.

* incorporación social = social inclusion.

* * *

incorporación

feminine

incorporation

excelente remuneración. Incorporación inmediata excellent salary. To start immediately

* * *

incorporación sustantivo femenino
incorporation
incorporación sustantivo femenino incorporation [a, into]
' incorporación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
entrada

* * *

incorporación nf
[unión, adición] incorporation (a into);
la escasa incorporación de la mujer al mercado laboral the low number of women in the labour market;

su incorporación tendrá lugar el día 31 [a un puesto] she starts work on the 31st;

la incorporación a filas de los nuevos reclutas tendrá lugar la próxima semana the new recruits will start their military service next week

* * *

incorporación

f incorporation

* * *

incorporación nf, pl - ciones : incorporation

Spanish-English dictionary > incorporación
10 pertenencia

f.

1 ownership.

2 membership.

pertenencias belongings (efectos personales)

3 possession, property.

* * *

pertenencia

► nombre femenino

1 (propiedad) property

■ esto es de mi pertenencia this belongs to me

2 (afiliación) membership

► nombre femenino plural pertenencias

1 (bienes) belongings

* * *

SF

1) (=posesión) ownership

las cosas de su pertenencia — his possessions, his property

2) pl pertenencias (=objetos personales) personal belongings; [de finca] appurtenances, accessories

3) [a club, asociación] membership (a of)

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (a grupo, organización) membership

b) (frml) ( propiedad)

los objetos de su pertenencia — his belongings

ese reloj es de mi pertenencia — (hum) that watch is mine

c) pertenencias femenino plural belongings (pl), possessions (pl)

2) (Chi) (Min) mineral rights (pl)

* * *

= membership.

Nota: Véase ship para otras entradas acabadas con este sufijo.

Ex. The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.

----

* especificación de la región de pertenencia = regionalisation [regionalization, -USA].

* sentido de pertenencia = sense of ownership.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (a grupo, organización) membership

b) (frml) ( propiedad)

los objetos de su pertenencia — his belongings

ese reloj es de mi pertenencia — (hum) that watch is mine

c) pertenencias femenino plural belongings (pl), possessions (pl)

2) (Chi) (Min) mineral rights (pl)

* * *

= membership.

Nota: Véase ship para otras entradas acabadas con este sufijo.

Ex: The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.

* especificación de la región de pertenencia = regionalisation [regionalization, -USA].

* sentido de pertenencia = sense of ownership.

* * *

pertenencia

feminine

A

1 (a un grupo, una organización) membership

2 ( frml)

(propiedad): se llevó todos los objetos de su pertenencia he took all his belongings with him

ese reloj es de mi pertenencia ( hum); that watch is mine

3 pertenencias fpl (posesiones — de una persona) belongings (pl), possessions (pl); (— de una finca) appurtenances (pl) ( frml)

B ( Chi) ( Min) mineral rights (pl)

* * *

pertenencia sustantivo femenino
a) (a grupo, organización) membership

b) (frml) ( propiedad):

◊ los objetos de su pertenencia his belongings

c)

◊ pertenencias sustantivo femenino plural

belongings (pl), possessions (pl)
pertenencia sustantivo femenino
1 (propiedad) property, possessions pl: esa joya es de mi pertenencia, that jewel is mine 2 pertenencias, belongings: ha perdido sus pertenencias, he has lost his possesions
3 (a un grupo, asociación, etc) membership
' pertenencia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
de
- ser
- propiedad
English:
membership
- to

* * *

pertenencia nf

1. [propiedad] ownership

2. [afiliación] membership;

su pertenencia a la empresa lo invalida para participar en el concurso he's not allowed to take part in the competition because he's a member of the company;

negó su pertenencia a la banda armada he denied belonging to the terrorist organization

3.
pertenencias [efectos personales] belongings

* * *

pertenencia nf

1) : membership

2) : ownership

3) pertenencias nfpl

: belongings, possessions

Spanish-English dictionary > pertenencia
11 sociedad

f.

1 society.

las hormigas viven en sociedad ants are social creatures

entrar o presentarse en sociedad to come out, to make one's debut

alta sociedad high society

notas de sociedad society column

la sociedad civil civilian society

sociedad de consumo consumer society

la sociedad de la información the information society

la sociedad del ocio the leisure society

2 company (commerce) (empresa).

sociedad anónima public (limited) company (British), incorporated company (United States)

sociedad de cartera portfolio company

sociedad colectiva general partnership

sociedad comanditaria o en comandita general and limited partnership

sociedad industrial industrial society

sociedad mercantil trading company

sociedad (de responsabilidad) limitada private limited company

* * *

sociedad

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) society

2 COMERCIO company

3 (asociación) society, association

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

presentarse en sociedad to make one's debut

sociedad anónima limited company, US incorporated company

sociedad comanditaria limited partnership, US silent partnership

sociedad de consumo consumer society

Sociedad de Jesús Society of Jesus

sociedad en comandita limited partnership, US silent partnership

sociedad limitada private limited company, US limited corporation

sociedad mercantil company, trading company

sociedad protectora de animales society for the prevention of cruelty to animals

* * *

noun f.

1) society

2) company

•

- sociedad anónima

* * *

SF

1) (Sociol) society

la sociedad de consumo — the consumer society

la sociedad del ocio — the leisure society

la sociedad permisiva — the permissive society

en la sociedad actual — in contemporary society

hacer sociedad — to join forces

2) (=asociación) [gen] society, association; [oficial] body

sociedad científica — learned society

Sociedad de Jesús — Society of Jesus

Sociedad de Naciones — League of Nations

sociedad de socorros mutuos — friendly society, provident society

sociedad docta — learned society

sociedad gastronómica — dining club

sociedad inmobiliaria — building society

sociedad secreta — secret society

3) (Com, Econ) (=empresa) [gen] company; [de socios] partnership

sociedad anónima — limited liability company, corporation (EEUU)

Sociedad Anónima — [en nombres de empresa] Limited, Incorporated (EEUU)

sociedad anónima laboral — workers' cooperative

sociedad comanditaria — limited partnership

sociedad conjunta — (Com) joint venture

sociedad de beneficencia — friendly society, benefit association (EEUU)

sociedad de cartera — holding company

sociedad de control — holding company

sociedad en comandita — limited partnership

sociedad instrumental, sociedad limitada — limited company, private limited company, corporation (EEUU)

sociedad mercantil — trading company

sociedad protectora de animales — society for the protection of animals

4)

alta o buena sociedad — high society

entrar en sociedad, presentarse en (la) sociedad — to come out, make one's debut

notas de sociedad — gossip column, society news column

5)

sociedad conyugal — marriage partnership

* * *

femenino

1) (Sociol) society

- sociedad de consumo

- Sociedad Protectora de Animales

2) (asociación, club) society

una sociedad secreta — a secret society

sociedad deportiva — sports club

3) (Der, Fin) company

- sociedad anónima

- sociedad comanditaria or en comandita

- sociedad de crédito hipotecario

- sociedad de responsabilidad limitada

- sociedad estatal

- sociedad inmobilaria

- sociedad mercantil

- sociedad mixta

4) ( clase alta) (high) society

presentarse en sociedad — to come out ( as a debutante)

* * *

= membership, society, social fabric.

Ex. The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.

Ex. Although the distinction between ' societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.

Ex. Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.

----

* constituir como sociedad = incorporate.

* crónica de sociedad = gossip column.

* cronista de sociedad = gossip columnist.

* Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información = World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).

* de servicio a la sociedad = public-spirited.

* editor de sociedad cultural = learned society publisher.

* flor y nata de la sociedad, la = cream of society, the.

* integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.

* la escoria de la sociedad = the gutter.

* la sociedad en general = society at large.

* margen de la sociedad = margin of society.

* marginado de la sociedad = social outcast.

* más granado de la sociedad, lo = cream of society, the.

* parásito de la sociedad = parasite.

* persona de la alta sociedad = socialite.

* pilares de la sociedad, los = pillars of society, the.

* prescrito por la sociedad = socially prescribed.

* promovido por la sociedad = culture-led.

* que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.

* SCONUL (Sociedad de Bibliotecas Nacionales y Universitarias) = SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries).

* sociedad acomodada = affluent society.

* sociedad adinerada = affluent society.

* Sociedad Americana de Compositores, Autores y Editores = American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).

* Sociedad Australiana de Archiveros = Australian Society of Archivists (ASA).

* sociedad avanzada = advanced society.

* sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.

* Sociedad Bibliográfica de America = Bibliographical Society of America.

* sociedad burocratizada = bureaucratised society.

* sociedad capitalista = capitalist society.

* sociedad científica = scientific society, scholarly academy, scholarly society.

* sociedad científico-cultural = learned society.

* sociedad civil = civil society.

* sociedad civilizada = civilised society.

* sociedad consumista = consumerist society, consumer society, consumer society.

* sociedad cultural = learned society.

* Sociedad de Archiveros Americanos = Society of American Archivists.

* Sociedad de Archiveros Holandeses = Society of Dutch Archivists.

* sociedad de beneficiencia = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.

* sociedad de consumo = consumer society, affluent society.

* sociedad de gestión de derechos de autor = copyright collective, copyright collecting society, copyright collecting agency.

* sociedad de inversiones = investment trust.

* sociedad de inversión mobiliaria = investment trust.

* sociedad de la información, la = information society, the.

* sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.

* sociedad de lectores = book club.

* sociedad del ocio = leisure society, leisured society.

* sociedad del papel = paper society.

* sociedad de seguros mutuos = provident society, mutual benefit society.

* sociedad de socorros mutuos = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.

* sociedad de tradición escrita = literate society.

* sociedad editorial = publishing corporation.

* sociedad histórica = historical society.

* Sociedad Ilimitada = Unlimited.

* sociedad inclusiva = inclusive society.

* sociedad industrial = industrial society.

* sociedad industrializada = industrialised society.

* sociedad informada = learning society.

* sociedad integradora = inclusive society.

* sociedad intelectual = learned society.

* sociedad laica = secular society.

* sociedad materialista = materialistic society.

* sociedad medieval = mediaeval society.

* sociedad mercantilista = mercantile society.

* sociedad moderna = modern society.

* Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.

* sociedad pluralista = pluralistic society.

* sociedad postindustrial = post-industrial society.

* sociedad preindustrial = pre-industrial society.

* sociedad privada = private society.

* sociedad protectora de animales = RSPCA (Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals), animal protection society.

* sociedad religiosa = religious society.

* sociedad secreta = secret society, secret brotherhood.

* sociedad sin libros = bookless society.

* sociedad sin papel, la = paperless society, the.

* sociedad tecnológica = technological society.

* sociedad trabajadora = working society.

* toda la sociedad = society at large.

* * *

femenino

1) (Sociol) society

- sociedad de consumo

- Sociedad Protectora de Animales

2) (asociación, club) society

una sociedad secreta — a secret society

sociedad deportiva — sports club

3) (Der, Fin) company

- sociedad anónima

- sociedad comanditaria or en comandita

- sociedad de crédito hipotecario

- sociedad de responsabilidad limitada

- sociedad estatal

- sociedad inmobilaria

- sociedad mercantil

- sociedad mixta

4) ( clase alta) (high) society

presentarse en sociedad — to come out ( as a debutante)

* * *

= membership, society, social fabric.

Ex: The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.

Ex: Although the distinction between ' societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.

Ex: Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.

* constituir como sociedad = incorporate.

* crónica de sociedad = gossip column.

* cronista de sociedad = gossip columnist.

* Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información = World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).

* de servicio a la sociedad = public-spirited.

* editor de sociedad cultural = learned society publisher.

* flor y nata de la sociedad, la = cream of society, the.

* integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.

* la escoria de la sociedad = the gutter.

* la sociedad en general = society at large.

* margen de la sociedad = margin of society.

* marginado de la sociedad = social outcast.

* más granado de la sociedad, lo = cream of society, the.

* parásito de la sociedad = parasite.

* persona de la alta sociedad = socialite.

* pilares de la sociedad, los = pillars of society, the.

* prescrito por la sociedad = socially prescribed.

* promovido por la sociedad = culture-led.

* que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.

* SCONUL (Sociedad de Bibliotecas Nacionales y Universitarias) = SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries).

* sociedad acomodada = affluent society.

* sociedad adinerada = affluent society.

* Sociedad Americana de Compositores, Autores y Editores = American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).

* Sociedad Australiana de Archiveros = Australian Society of Archivists (ASA).

* sociedad avanzada = advanced society.

* sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.

* Sociedad Bibliográfica de America = Bibliographical Society of America.

* sociedad burocratizada = bureaucratised society.

* sociedad capitalista = capitalist society.

* sociedad científica = scientific society, scholarly academy, scholarly society.

* sociedad científico-cultural = learned society.

* sociedad civil = civil society.

* sociedad civilizada = civilised society.

* sociedad consumista = consumerist society, consumer society, consumer society.

* sociedad cultural = learned society.

* Sociedad de Archiveros Americanos = Society of American Archivists.

* Sociedad de Archiveros Holandeses = Society of Dutch Archivists.

* sociedad de beneficiencia = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.

* sociedad de consumo = consumer society, affluent society.

* sociedad de gestión de derechos de autor = copyright collective, copyright collecting society, copyright collecting agency.

* sociedad de inversiones = investment trust.

* sociedad de inversión mobiliaria = investment trust.

* sociedad de la información, la = information society, the.

* sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.

* sociedad de lectores = book club.

* sociedad del ocio = leisure society, leisured society.

* sociedad del papel = paper society.

* sociedad de seguros mutuos = provident society, mutual benefit society.

* sociedad de socorros mutuos = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.

* sociedad de tradición escrita = literate society.

* sociedad editorial = publishing corporation.

* sociedad histórica = historical society.

* Sociedad Ilimitada = Unlimited.

* sociedad inclusiva = inclusive society.

* sociedad industrial = industrial society.

* sociedad industrializada = industrialised society.

* sociedad informada = learning society.

* sociedad integradora = inclusive society.

* sociedad intelectual = learned society.

* sociedad laica = secular society.

* sociedad materialista = materialistic society.

* sociedad medieval = mediaeval society.

* sociedad mercantilista = mercantile society.

* sociedad moderna = modern society.

* Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.

* sociedad pluralista = pluralistic society.

* sociedad postindustrial = post-industrial society.

* sociedad preindustrial = pre-industrial society.

* sociedad privada = private society.

* sociedad protectora de animales = RSPCA (Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals), animal protection society.

* sociedad religiosa = religious society.

* sociedad secreta = secret society, secret brotherhood.

* sociedad sin libros = bookless society.

* sociedad sin papel, la = paperless society, the.

* sociedad tecnológica = technological society.

* sociedad trabajadora = working society.

* toda la sociedad = society at large.

* * *

sociedad

feminine

A ( Sociol) society

sociedad pluralista/democrática pluralistic/democratic society

el papel que cabe a la mujer en la sociedad the role of women in society

Compuestos:

● sociedad de consumo

consumer society

● sociedad de seguros mutuos

provident society

B (asociación, club) society

una sociedad secreta a secret society

sociedad deportiva sports club

Compuestos:

● Sociedad de Jesús

Society of Jesus

● Sociedad de Naciones

( Hist) League of Nations

● sociedad de socorros mutuos

benefit society ( AmE), friendly society ( BrE)

● Sociedad Protectora de Animales

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

C ( Der, Fin) company

formar una sociedad to set up o form a company

Compuestos:

● sociedad anónima

≈ public corporation ( in US), ≈ public limited company ( in UK)

● sociedad comanditaria or en comandita

limited partnership

● sociedad conyugal

sociedad de gananciales

● sociedad cotizada en bolsa

listed company, quoted company

● sociedad de cartera

holding company

● sociedad de crédito hipotecario

≈ savings and loan institution ( in US), ≈ building society ( in UK)

● sociedad de gananciales

joint ownership upon marriage

● sociedad de gestión

management company

● sociedad de inversión

investment company

● sociedad de responsabilidad limitada

≈ limited corporation ( in US), ≈ (private) limited company ( in UK)

● sociedad de valores

securities firm

● sociedad estatal

state corporation

● sociedad financiera

finance company o house

● sociedad inmobiliaria

( Esp) (que promueve) developer, development company; (que construye) construction company; (que administra) real estate ( AmE) o ( BrE) property management company

● sociedad limitada

sociedad de responsabilidad limitada

● sociedad matriz

parent company

● sociedad mercantil

trading company

● sociedad mixta

joint venture

● sociedad unipersonal

sole proprietor, sole trader ( BrE)

D (clase alta) society, high society

presentarse en sociedad to come out ( as a debutante)

* * *

sociedad sustantivo femenino
1 (Sociol) society;
◊ sociedad de consumo consumer society

2 (asociación, club) society
3 (Der, Fin) company;
◊ sociedad anónima ≈ public corporation ( in US), ≈ public limited company ( in UK);

sociedad de responsabilidad limitada limited corporation ( in US), (private) limited company ( in UK);
sociedad inmobiliaria (Esp) ( que construye) construction company;

( que administra) real estate (AmE) o (BrE) property management company;
◊ sociedad mercantil trading company

4 ( clase alta) (high) society
sociedad sustantivo femenino
1 society
sociedad industrial/medieval, industrial/medieval society
2 Fin company
sociedad anónima, public limited company
sociedad cooperativa, co-operative
sociedad limitada, limited company
2 (asociación) society
3 alta sociedad, (high) society
♦ Locuciones: presentarse en sociedad, to have one's coming out
sociedad civil, civil society
sociedad de consumo, consumer society
' sociedad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agruparse
- alta
- alto
- anónima
- anónimo
- apreciarse
- baile
- clasista
- consumo
- eco
- estratificación
- gratuidad
- limitada
- limitado
- marginar
- protector
- protectora
- reintegrar
- S.A.
- S.L.
- academia
- agrario
- capa
- concientizar
- construir
- corromper
- corrompido
- crónica
- desmoronarse
- ejido
- elitista
- engranaje
- escoria
- espejo
- estamento
- evolución
- evolucionado
- evolucionar
- jai
- justo
- modernizar
- ojo
- posición
- regir
- retrasado
- secretario
- situación
English:
affluent
- association
- cliquey
- club
- consumer society
- corp.
- corporation
- dissolve
- drop out
- dropout
- fabric
- golf club
- HMO
- incorporated
- limited
- Ltd
- member
- monogamous
- partnership
- PLC
- progress
- Rotary Club
- scum
- section
- socialite
- society
- whole
- building
- consumer
- cream
- dregs
- element
- finishing
- fringe
- gossip
- high
- incorporate
- joint
- parent
- reintegrate
- savings
- stock

* * *

sociedad nf

1. [de seres vivos] society;

las hormigas viven en sociedad ants are social creatures

Comp
la sociedad civil civil society;
sociedad de consumo consumer society;

sociedad de la información information society;

la sociedad del ocio the leisure society;

sociedad plural plural society;

sociedad postindustrial post-industrial society

2. [mundo elegante] society;

entrar o [m5] presentarse en sociedad to come out, to make one's debut;

alta sociedad high society;

notas de sociedad society column

3. [asociación] society

Comp
sociedad deportiva sports club;
sociedad gastronómica dining club, gourmet club;

la Sociedad de Jesús the Society of Jesus;

sociedad literaria literary society;

sociedad médica private health care company;
Hist la Sociedad de Naciones the League of Nations;
la Sociedad Protectora de Animales Br ≈ the RSPCA, US ≈ the SPCA

4. Com & Fin [empresa] company

Comp
sociedad anónima Br public (limited) company, US incorporated company;
sociedad de cartera holding (company);

sociedad colectiva general partnership;

sociedad comanditaria o en comandita general and limited partnership;

sociedad cooperativa cooperative;

sociedad industrial industrial society;

sociedad de inversión investment company;

sociedad de inversión de capital variable ICVC, investment company with variable capital;

sociedad de inversión mobiliaria investment trust;

sociedad limitada private limited company;

sociedad mercantil trading corporation;

sociedad mixta joint venture;

sociedad de responsabilidad limitada private limited company

* * *

sociedad

f society;

alta sociedad high society;

presentar en sociedad present in society

* * *

sociedad nf

1) : society

2) : company, enterprise

3)

sociedad anónima : incorporated company

* * *

sociedad n

1. (en general) society [pl. societies]

la sociedad del siglo XX 20th century society

2. (empresa) company [pl. companies]

los hermanos formaron una sociedad the brothers set up a company

Spanish-English dictionary > sociedad
12 договор

1) (между государствами) treaty, pact, convention; accord амер.

аннулировать договор — to abrogate / to cancel / to rescind / to repudiate a treaty

аннулировать договор вследствие его нарушения — to cancel a treaty on the ground of its violation

быть закреплённым в договоре — to be confirmed by a treaty

быть связанным договором — to be bound by a treaty

ввести договор в действие — to put a treaty into force

внести изменения в договор — to modify a treaty

внести поправки в договор — to amend a treaty

возобновить договор — to renew a treaty

восстановить договор — to reintegrate a treaty

вступить в переговоры с целью адаптации договора к новым условиям — to negotiate the adaptation of a treaty to new conditions

выйти из договора — to withdraw from a treaty

выполнять договор — to implement / to observe / to abide by a treaty

выполнять договор во всех его частях — to execute the treaty in all its parts

добросовестно выполнять договор — to perform a treaty in good faith

выработать договор — to work out a treaty

вытекать из договора — to be pursuant to treaty

действовать в обход договора — to skirt a treaty

денонсировать договор — to denounce a treaty

депонировать договор — to withdraw from a treaty

добиться принятия договора — to get the treaty approved

завершить / закончить работу по составлению договора — to complete / to consummate a treaty

заключить договор — to conclude / to effect / to make / to enter into / to sign a treaty

предложить заключить договор — to initiate a treaty

заключать договор в результате переговоров — to negotiate a treaty

заключить договор на ограниченный период времени — to conclude a treaty for a limited period of time

зарегистрировать / регистрировать договор — to register a treaty

зарегистрировать договор в Секретариате Организации Объединённых Наций — to register the treaty with the Secretariat of the United Nations

изменить договор — to alter a treaty

навязать кабальный / неравноправный договор — to impose an enslaving / inequal treaty (on, upon)

нарушить договор — to transgress / to violate a treaty; to break / to infringe a contract

опубликовать договор — to publish a treaty

отклонить договор — to reject a treaty

оформить договор надлежащим образом — to perfect a treaty

парафировать договор — to unitial a treaty

пересмотреть договор — to renegotiate a treaty

подпадать под действие договора — to be covered by a treaty

подписать договор — to sign a treaty

представить договор для одобрения / утверждения — to submit a treaty for approval

претворять договор в жизнь — to implement a treaty

придавать обязывающую силу договору, сделать договор обязывающим — to impart the binding force to a treaty, to make a treaty binding

придерживаться договора — to adhere to a treaty

признать договор недействительным — to declare a treaty invalid / null / void

принимать участие в договоре — to participate in a treaty

приостановить действие договора в целом — to suspend the operation of the treaty in whole

приостановить действие договора в части — to suspend the operation of the treaty in part

присоединиться к договору (уже вступившему в силу) — to accede to / to join / to adhere to a treaty, to become a party to a treaty

пролонгировать договор, продлить действие договора — to prolong a treaty

расторгнуть договор — to dissolve a treaty

ратифицировать договор — to confirm / to ratify a treaty

сделать договор частью законодательства — to embody a treaty in law

соблюдать договор — to observe a treaty

ссылаться на договор — to invoke a treaty

толковать договор — to interpret a treaty

требовать выполнения договора — to claim performance of the treaty

уклоняться от выполнения договора — to scuttle the treaty

унаследовать на законном основании договор — to succeed legally to a treaty

утвердить договор — to approve a treaty

явствовать из договора — to appear from a treaty

действие договора может быть приостановлено — the operation of the treaty may be suspended

действие договора приостановлено — the treaty is suspended in operation

действие договора прекращено — the treaty is terminated in operation

договор аутентичен на двух языках — treaty authenticated in two languages

договор будет автоматически продлён — the agreement will be tacitly extended

договор действителен — the treaty is valid

договор не имеет обратной силы — the treaty is not retroactive

договор не может быть ратифицирован лишь в какой-л. части — the treaty cannot be ratified in part

договоры несовместимы друг с другом — the treaties are inconsistent with each other; договор остаётся в действии / в силе the treaty continues in operation

договор предусматривает, что... — the treaty stipulates that..

договоры прекращают своё действие в таких случаях — treaties lapse on such occasions

договор составлен в общих чертах — the treaty is in outline

договор, срок которого истёк — the treaty which has expired

договор становится недействительным — the treaty becomes void

договор является несуществующим — the treaty falls to the ground

если в договоре не предусматривается иное — unless the treaty otherwise provides

исполнение договора становится невозможным — the treaty becomes incapable of execution

некоторые договоры переходят к государству-преемнику — some treaties devolve upon the successor

бессрочный договор — treaty for an indefinite term, permanent / undated treaty

более ранний договор (препятствующий заключению нового договора) — precontract

взаимный договор — mutual treaty

военный договор — military agreement / treaty

временный договор — time-expiring treaty

гарантийный договор — contract of indemnity, guarantee treaty, treaty of guarantee

государственный договор — state treaty

двусторонний договор — bilateral treaty

действующий договор — treaty in force

дополнительный договор — supplementary treaty

дружественный договор между отдельными лицами / партиями / правительствами — concordat

закрытый договор — restricted treaty

исторический договор — history-making agreement

коллективный договор — collective agreement

конкретный договор — individual treaty

консенсуальный договор (основан на устном соглашении сторон) юр. — consensual contract

локальный / локализованный договор — localized treaty

Маастрихтский Договор — Treaty of Maastricht

международный договор — international treaty

признанный международный договор — recognized international treaty

мирный договор — peace treaty, treaty of peace

по мирному договору — under the peace treaty

сепаратный мирный договор — separate peace treaty

многосторонний договор — multilateral treaty

многосторонний договор о контроле над вооружением и разоружении — multilateral treaty on arms control and disarmament

многосторонний сбалансированный и полностью контролируемый договор — multilateral balanced and fully verified treaty

навязанный договор — dictate

недействительный договор — void treaty

незарегистрированный договор — nonregistered treaty

неравноправный договор — inequitable / unequal treaty

общий договор — general treaty

обычный договор — ordinary treaty

обязывающий договор — binding treaty

односторонний договор — unilateral treaty

основополагающий договор — basic treaty

открытый договор, договор, открытый для подписания — open treaty

официальный договор — formal treaty

параллельный договор — associate contract

первоначальный договор — original treaty

письменный договор — written contract

пограничный договор — boundary treaty

политический договор — political agreement

последовательно заключённые договоры — successive treaties

последующий (из двух) договоров — later treaty

правообразующий договор — lawmaking treaty

прелиминарный договор — preliminary treaty

предусмотренный договором — covered by agreement

равноправный договор — equitable / nondiscriminatory treaty

ранее существовавший договор — former / pre-existing treaty

региональный договор — regional treaty

секретный / тайный договор — secret covenant / treaty

сепаратный договор — separate treaty

соответствующий договор — relevant treaty

союзный договор — treaty of alliance / union

территориальный договор — territorial treaty

торговый договор — trade / commercial treaty

торговый договор на основе взаимности — reciprocal trade treaty

трёхсторонний договор — triangular / trilateral / tripartite treaty

универсальный договор — universal treaty

устаревший договор — out-of-date treaty

устный договор — parol / oral treaty

четырёхсторонний договор — quadripartite treaty

аннулирование договора — abrogation / cancellation of a treaty

буква и дух договора — letter and spirit of the treaty

в соответствии с буквой и духом договора — in accordance / on compliance with the letter and spirit of the treaty

вариант договора — version of the treaty

верность договору — adherence to a treaty

вступление договора в силу — entry into force of a treaty, coming of a treaty into force

выполнение договора — execution / fulfilment / implementation of a treaty

добросовестное выполнение договора — fulfilment / implementation of a treaty in good faith

гарантировать выполнение договора — to assure compliance with the treaty

контролировать выполнение договора — to monitor the treaty

обеспечить полное выполнение всех положений и пониманий договора — to achieve the full implementation of all the provisions and understandings of the treaty

проверять выполнение договора — to check up on one's compliance with the treaty, to review the operation of the treaty

наблюдение за выполнением договора — supervision of compliance with a treaty

проверка выполнения договора — verification / review of a treaty

средства, обеспечивающие выполнение договора — means to secure the performance of a treaty

выход из договора — pull-out / withdrawal from a treaty

основание для выхода из договора — ground for withdrawing from a treaty

выход из договора / отказ от договора с уведомлением — withdrawal from a treaty with notice

государство-участник договора — state-party to a treaty

действие договора — effect / operation of a treaty

действие договоров в отношении третьих государств — effect of treaties upon third states

прекратить действие договора — to terminate (the operation of) a treaty, to bring a treaty to an end

приостановить действие договора — to suspend a treaty

возобновление действия договора — resumption of the operation of a treaty

прекращение действия договора — termination of a treaty

основание для прекращения действия договора — ground for terminating a treaty

прекращение действия договора с согласия участников — termination of a treaty by consent of the parties

прекращение действия договора (вследствие истечения его срока или в результате возникновения определённого оговорённого условия) — expiration of a treaty

приостановление действия договора — suspension of a treaty

срок действия договора — duration of a treaty

продлить срок действия договора — to prolong the time of operation of a treaty, to extend a treaty

территориальная сфера действия договора — territorial scope of a treaty

действительность договора — validity of a treaty

основание для оспаривания действительности договора — ground for impeaching the validity of a treaty

денонсация / денонсирование договора — denunciation of a treaty

депозитарии договоров — depositaries of treaties

договоры государств-участников, заключённые до создания сообщества с третьими странами — pre-community treaties of member-states with third countries

договор за печатью — speciality

договоры, заключённые до получения независимости — pre-independence treaties

договор, заключённый страной пребывания — treaty concluded by the country of residence

договор, запрещающий все испытания ядерного оружия — treaty banning all nuclear weapon tests

договор как источник международного права — treaty as a source of international law

договор, который не предусматривает денонсации или отказа — the treaty which does not provide for denunciation or withdrawal

договор на основе взаимности — reciprocal treaty

договор, не имеющий законной силы — invalid treaty

договор, не направленный против третьей стороны — nondiscriminatory treaty

договор, не требующий особых законодательных мероприятий — self-executing treaty

договор нормативного характера — treaty of lawmaking character

договор безопасности — security treaty / pact

"Д. о взаимном неприменении силы и поддержании отношений мира между государствами" — "Treaty on Mutual Non-Use of Force and Maintenance of Peaceful Relations among States"

договор о взаимопомощи — treaty of mutual assistance, mutual assistance pact

договор о всеобъемлющем запрещении испытаний ядерного оружия — comprehensive test ban treaty (CTB treaty)

договор о выдаче преступника — extradition treaty, treaty of extradition

договор о гарантиях — guarantee treaty, treaty of guarantee

договор о демаркации границ — demarcation treaty

договор о дружбе, добрососедстве и сотрудничестве — treaty of friendship, neigh-bourliness and cooperation

договор о дружбе, сотрудничестве и взаимопомощи — treaty of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance

"Д. о запрещении испытаний ядерного оружия в атмосфере, в космическом пространстве и под водой" — "Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water"

договор о запрещении подземных испытаний ядерного оружия — treaty banning underground nuclear-weapon tests

договор о зоне, свободной от ядерного оружия — nuclear-weapon-free-zone treaty

договор о конфедерации — treaty of confederation

договор о мире — treaty of peace

договор о мире, дружбе и сотрудничестве — treaty of peace, friendship and cooperation

договор о налогообложении — tax treaty

договор о нейтралитете — treaty of neutrality, neutrality treaty

договор о нейтралитете и взаимном ненападении — treaty of neutrality and nonaggression

договор о ненападении — nonaggression pact / treaty

Договор о нераспространении ядерного оружия — Nuclear-Proliferation Treaty

Договор о подземных ядерных взрывах в мирных целях — Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty

договор о присоединении — treaty of accession

договор о протекторате — treaty of protectorate

договор о союзе — treaty of alliance

договор о торговле и судоходстве / мореплавании — treaty of / on commerce and navigation

договор об арбитраже — treaty of arbitration

Договор об обычных вооружённых силах в Европе — Agreement on Conventional Forces in Europe, CFE

Договор об ограничении подземных испытаний ядерного оружия — Threshold Test Ban Treaty

Договор об ограничении стратегических вооружений / ОСВ — Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, SALT

договор об установлении границ — boundary treaty

договор, открытый для присоединения третьих государств — treaty opened to accession of third states

договор по противоракетной обороне, ПРО — Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM treaty)

не выходить из договора по ПРО в течение согласованного времени — not to withdraw from the ABM treaty for a specified period of time

сохранение договора по ПРО — preservation of ABM treaty

Договор по ракетам средней и меньшей дальности, РСМД — Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles

договор, подлежащий выполнению в будущем — executory treaty

договор, предусматривающий аналогичные / равные / одинаковые привилегии — treaty providing for reciprocal privileges

договор, принятый в рамках международной организации — treaty adopted within an international organization

договор с внесённой / внесёнными в него поправкой / поправками — treaty as amended

договор с надлежащей проверкой его выполнения — adequately verified treaty

договоры, устанавливающие свободу судоходства на международных водных путях или реках — treaties according freedom of navigation in international waterways or rivers

договор, устаревший в силу тех или иных событий — treaty outmoded by events

заключение договора — conclusion / formation of a treaty, treaty-making

приветствовать заключение договора — to welcome a treaty

ведение переговоров о заключении договора — negotiation of a treaty

процесс заключения договора — treaty process

изменение договора — alteration of a treaty

исполнение договора — execution of a treaty / contract

истечение срока действия договора — expiration of a treaty

обеспечение исполнения договора — enforcement of a treaty

нарушение договора — breach / infringement / violation of a treaty

грубое нарушение договора — gross / flagrant violation of a treaty

невыход из договора — nonwithdrawal from a treaty

недействительность договора — invalidity of a treaty

неотъемлемая часть договора — integral part of a treaty

непосредственные участники договора — principals to the contract

нерушимость договора — permanence of a treaty

несоблюдение договора — noncompliance with / nonobservance of a treaty

объект договора — object of a treaty

прекращение существования объекта договора — extinction of the object of a treaty

объект и цели договора — object and purpose of a treaty

быть несовместимым с объектом / целями договора — to be incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty

обязательная сила / обязательность договоров — binding / obligatory force / obligation of treaties

одобрение договора парламентом — parliamentary approval of the treaty

основание для признания договора — ground for invalidating a treaty

отказ от договора — repudiation / renunciation of a treaty

односторонний отказ от договора — unilateral renunciation of a treaty

парафирование договора — initialling of a treaty

пересмотр договора — revision of a treaty

подлинник договора — original of the treaty

подписание договора — signing of a treaty

полный свод договоров, заключённых страной пребывания — complete set of treaties concluded by the country of residence

положение договора — provisions of a treaty

отступить от положения договора — to derogate from the provisions of a treaty

поправка к договору — amendment to a treaty, amending clause

порядок / система размещения материала в договоре — arrangement of a treaty

преамбула договора — preamble to a treaty

применение договора — application of a treaty

временное применение договора — provisional application of a treaty

фактическое применение договора — actual application of a treaty

экстерриториальное применение договоров — extra territorial application of treaties

присоединение к договору — accession to a treaty

формальное присоединение к существующему договору — formal entrance into an existing treaty

продление / пролонгация договора — clause of a treaty

проект договора — draft treaty

спорные пункты договора — controversial provisions of a treaty, contentious clauses in a treaty

разработка договора — framing of a treaty

расторжение договора — dissolution of a treaty

ратификация договора — ratification of a treaty

задерживать ратификацию договора — to block the ratification of a treaty

регистрация договора — registration of a treaty

сила договора — force of a treaty

обязательная сила договора — obligation of a treaty

в силу договора — by virtue of the treaty

соблюденне договора — observance of a treaty

уклониться от соблюдения договора — to elude a treaty

содержание договора — subject-matter of a treaty

стороны, подписавшие договор — parties to a treaty

сторона, связанная договором — party bound by a treaty

текст договора — text of a treaty

разработать текст договора — to draft / to frame the text of a treaty

хранить подлинный текст договора — to keep custody of the original text

расположение / структура текста договора — arrangement of the text of a treaty

согласованные части текста проекта договора — agreed portions of the draft treaty

трактовка договора — interpretation of a treaty

условия договора — stipulations / terms of a treaty

по условиям договора — under the terms and conditions of the agreement

контролировать выполнение условий договора — to supervise the observance of the treaty provisions / terms

подтвердить условия договора — to confirm the terms of a treaty

утверждение договора — approval of a treaty

формулировка договора — wording of a treaty

в соответствии с договором — to be pursuant to a treaty

по договору — under the treaty

со всеми вытекающими из договора правилами и обязанностями — with all the rights and duties arising from the treaty

2) (соглашение, контракт) agreement, contract, concord

утвердить коллективный договор (между администрацией и трудовым коллективом) — to confirm a collective agreement

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > договор
13 Leupold, Jacob

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Mining and extraction technology

[br]

b. 25 May 1674 Planitz, Germany

d. 12 January 1727 Leipzig, Germany

[br]

German scientist famous for his nine-volume work, which comes under the general title Theatrum Machinarum.

[br]

Leupold was essentially an academic of great learning in the tradition of the Renaissance. He was basically a scientist with a principal interest in the extraction of minerals, and in 1725 was made a Commissioner of Mines. He was also a member of the Academy of Berlin. The nine volumes of his work Theatrum Machinarum are detailed studies of the various disciplines, with existing practices illustrated in woodcuts. These nine volumes (see below, Bibliography) were brought to England by the younger members of the aristocracy returning from their Grand Tour. The large water-wheel created for raising water at Painshill, in Surrey, was a straight copy of the relevant illustration in Wasser- Bau-Kunst (1724). The volume Mühlen-Bau-Kunst is a good reference book on German milling practice, which remains essentially unchanged in existing mills.

[br]

Bibliography

The nine volumes of Theatrum Machinarum were all reprinted in Hanover in the 1980s. The original dates of publication were as follows: 1722, Schau-Platz der Rechen-und Mess-kunst; 1724, Schau-Platz der Wasser-Bau-Kunst; 1724, Schau-Platz der Wasser-Künste; 1724, Schau-Platz des Grundes der mechanischen Wissenschaften; 1725, Schau-Platz der Heb-Zeuge; 1726, Schau-Platz der Gewicht-Kunst und Waagen; 1726, Schau-Platz der Brücken und des Brücken-Bauer, 1729, Zusatz zum Schau-Platz der Machinen und Instrumenten; 1735, Schau-Platz der Mühlen-Bau-Kunst.

KM

Biographical history of technology > Leupold, Jacob
14 Refereeing Certification Panel

Refereeing Certification Panel

■ A UEFA expert panel composed of specialists in refereeing or referee education and organisation whose duty is to support the UEFA Referees Committee in its work and, more specifically, to examine applications from UEFA member associations wishing to become members of the Referee Convention, to assess the members of the Referee Convention with regard to new modules, to regularly monitor the applicable quality standards for existing modules within the UEFA member associations, to draw up assessment and monitoring reports, to report regularly to the UEFA Referees Committee, and to submit proposals for necessary amendments to the Implementing Regulations of the Referee Convention.

Ausschuss für die Zertifizierung im Schiedsrichterwesen m

■ UEFA-Expertenausschuss, der sich aus Experten aus den Bereichen Schiedsrichterwesen oder -ausbildung sowie Schiedsrichterorganisation zusammensetzt, die UEFA-Schiedsrichterkommission unterstützt, und insbesondere Gesuche von UEFA-Mitgliedsverbänden für die Aufnahme in die Schiedsrichterkonvention prüft, die Konventionsmitglieder betreffend neue Module evaluiert, regelmäßig die Qualitätsstandards bestehender Module in den UEFA-Mitgliedsverbänden prüft, Evaluations- und/oder Prüfungsberichte verfasst und der UEFA-Schiedsrichterkommission regelmäßig Bericht erstattet und ihr Anträge betreffend notwendiger Änderungen der Ausführungsbestimmungen unterbreitet.

Syn. Ausschuss für Schiedsrichterzertifizierung m veraltet

Englisch-deutsch wörterbuch fußball > Refereeing Certification Panel
15 νέκταρ

νέκταρ, - αρος

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `nectar, drink of the gods' (Il.).

Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in νεκταρο-σταγής `dripping nectar' (com.).

Derivatives: νεκτάρ-εος `of nectar, smelling as nectar' (Il.), - ώδης `nectar-like' (Gp.); νεκτάριον n. plantname = ἑλένιον (Dsc.), also name of a medicine and several eye-salves (Gal.), with νεκταρίτης ( οἶνος) `wine spiced with νεκτάριον' (Dsc., Plin., Redard 98).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)

Etymology: As opposed to the comparable ἀμβροσία (s. βροτός) without certain etymology. Often considered as compoound of νεκ- in νέκ-ες (cf. νέκ-υς, νεκ-ρός) and a verb `get over, overcome', which is found a.o. in Skt. tárati and as zero grade final member in ap-túr `passing the waters', viśva-túr `overcoming everything' etc. (cf. τέρμα). Thus (after Grimm a.o.) esp. Thieme Studien 5ff. with extensive argumentation and criticism of other views: νέκταρ prop. as expression of the IE poetic language "das über die [Todes -]Vernichtung Hinwegrettende". Doubts in Leumann Gnomon 25, 190 f.; agreeing Schmitt KZ 77, 88 who refers to Skt. mr̥tyúmáti tr̥̄ `overcome death' (odanéna `through rice-milk' AV 4, 35). -- To be rejected Güntert Kalypso 161 ff. (agreeing Heubeck Würzb. Jb. 4, 218 A.): νέ-κταρ prop. "Nichttotsein" (to κτέρες νεκροί H.; but s. on κτέρας), not better Grošelj Razprave II 46 f.: to Lith. nė̃koti `stir, knead'. New hypothesis by v. Windekens Rev.. belge de phil. 21, 146 ff.: to Toch. A ñkät, B ñakte `god'; thus Kretschmer WienAkAnz. 84, 13ff., but as Anatolian LW [loanword]. - Fur. 320 compares νικὰριον, an eye-salve. If this is correct, the word is clearly Pre-Greek; he also points to the Pre-Greek words in - αρ (134 n. 75). He holds that the existing interpretations are too Indo-Iranian in character, not so much Greek.

Page in Frisk: 2,

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νέκταρ
16 Wren, Sir Christopher

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

[br]

b. 20 October 1632 East Knoyle, Wiltshire, England

d. 25 February 1723 London, England

[br]

English architect whose background in scientific research and achievement enhanced his handling of many near-intractable architectural problems.

[br]

Born into a High Church and Royalist family, the young Wren early showed outstanding intellectual ability and at Oxford in 1654 was described as "that miracle of a youth". Educated at Westminster School, he went up to Oxford, where he graduated at the age of 19 and obtained his master's degree two years later. From this time onwards his interests were in science, primarily astronomy but also physics, engineering and meteorology. While still at college he developed theories about and experimentally solved some fifty varied problems. At the age of 25 Wren was appointed to the Chair of Astronomy at Gresham College in London, but he soon returned to Oxford as Savilian Professor of Astronomy there. At the same time he became one of the founder members of the Society of Experimental Philosophy at Oxford, which was awarded its Royal Charter soon after the Restoration of 1660; Wren, together with such men as Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke, John Evelyn and Robert Boyle, then found himself a member of the Royal Society.

Wren's architectural career began with the classical chapel that he built, at the request of his uncle, the Bishop of Ely, for Pembroke College, Cambridge (1663). From this time onwards, until he died at the age of 91, he was fully occupied with a wide and taxing variety of architectural problems which he faced in the execution of all the great building schemes of the day. His scientific background and inventive mind stood him in good stead in solving such difficulties with an often unusual approach and concept. Nowhere was this more apparent than in his rebuilding of fifty-one churches in the City of London after the Great Fire, in the construction of the new St Paul's Cathedral and in the grand layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich.

The first instance of Wren's approach to constructional problems was in his building of the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford (1664–9). He based his design upon that of the Roman Theatre of Marcellus (13–11 BC), which he had studied from drawings in Serlio's book of architecture. Wren's reputation as an architect was greatly enhanced by his solution to the roofing problem here. The original theatre in Rome, like all Roman-theatres, was a circular building open to the sky; this would be unsuitable in the climate of Oxford and Wren wished to cover the English counterpart without using supporting columns, which would have obscured the view of the stage. He solved this difficulty mathematically, with the aid of his colleague Dr Wallis, the Professor of Geometry, by means of a timber-trussed roof supporting a painted ceiling which represented the open sky.

The City of London's churches were rebuilt over a period of nearly fifty years; the first to be completed and reopened was St Mary-at-Hill in 1676, and the last St Michael Cornhill in 1722, when Wren was 89. They had to be rebuilt upon the original medieval sites and they illustrate, perhaps more clearly than any other examples of Wren's work, the fertility of his imagination and his ability to solve the most intractable problems of site, limitation of space and variation in style and material. None of the churches is like any other. Of the varied sites, few are level or possess right-angled corners or parallel sides of equal length, and nearly all were hedged in by other, often larger, buildings. Nowhere is his versatility and inventiveness shown more clearly than in his designs for the steeples. There was no English precedent for a classical steeple, though he did draw upon the Dutch examples of the 1630s, because the London examples had been medieval, therefore Roman Catholic and Gothic, churches. Many of Wren's steeples are, therefore, Gothic steeples in classical dress, but many were of the greatest originality and delicate beauty: for example, St Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside; the "wedding cake" St Bride in Fleet Street; and the temple diminuendo concept of Christ Church in Newgate Street.

In St Paul's Cathedral Wren showed his ingenuity in adapting the incongruous Royal Warrant Design of 1675. Among his gradual and successful amendments were the intriguing upper lighting of his two-storey choir and the supporting of the lantern by a brick cone inserted between the inner and outer dome shells. The layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich illustrates Wren's qualities as an overall large-scale planner and designer. His terms of reference insisted upon the incorporation of the earlier existing Queen's House, erected by Inigo Jones, and of John Webb's King Charles II block. The Queen's House, in particular, created a difficult problem as its smaller size rendered it out of scale with the newer structures. Wren's solution was to make it the focal centre of a great vista between the main flanking larger buildings; this was a masterstroke.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knighted 1673. President, Royal Society 1681–3. Member of Parliament 1685–7 and 1701–2. Surveyor, Greenwich Hospital 1696. Surveyor, Westminster Abbey 1699.

Surveyor-General 1669–1712.

Further Reading

R.Dutton, 1951, The Age of Wren, Batsford.

M.Briggs, 1953, Wren the Incomparable, Allen \& Unwin. M.Whinney, 1971, Wren, Thames \& Hudson.

K.Downes, 1971, Christopher Wren, Allen Lane.

G.Beard, 1982, The Work of Sir Christopher Wren, Bartholomew.

DY

Biographical history of technology > Wren, Sir Christopher
17 rzeczywisty

adj

real

* * *

rzeczywisty

a.

1. (= istniejący) real, existing.

2. (= faktyczny, prawdziwy) real, true, actual; rzeczywista przyczyna wypadku the real cause of the accident; rzeczywista wartość obrazu the true value of the painting; rzeczywisty koszt produkcji the actual cost of production.

3. ( w tytułach) real; członek rzeczywisty real member.

4. mat. liczby/funkcje rzeczywiste real numbers/functions.

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > rzeczywisty
18 आत्मन् _ātman

आत्मन् m. [अत्-मनिण् Uṇ 4.152 said to be from अन् to breathe also] 'आत्मा यत्नो धृतिर्बुद्धिः स्वभावो ब्रह्मवर्ष्म च' इत्यमरः

1 The soul, the individual soul, the breath, the principle of life and sensation; किमात्मना यो न जितेन्द्रियो भवेत् H.1; आत्मानं रथिनं विद्धि शरीरं रथमेव तु Kaṭh.3.3. (In आत्मा नदी संयमपुण्यतीर्था H.4.87 आत्मन् is compared to a river).

-2 Self, oneself; in this sense mostly used reflexively for all three persons and in the singular number, masculine gender, whatever be the gender or number of the noun to which it refers; अनया चिन्तयात्मापि मे न प्रतिभाति Ratn.1; आश्रमदर्श- नेन आत्मानं पुनीमहे Ś.1; गुप्तं ददृशुरात्मानं सर्वाः स्वप्नेषु वामनैः R.1.6,4.35,14.57; Ku.6.2; देवी... प्राप्तप्रसवमात्मानं गङ्गादेव्यां विमुञ्चति U.7.2; गोपायन्ति कुलस्त्रिय आत्मानमात्मना Mb.; K.17; sometimes used in pl. also; आत्मनः स्तुवन्ति Śi.17.19; Māl.8.

-3 Supreme deity and soul of the universe, Supreme Soul, Brahman; तस्माद्वा एतस्मादात्मन आकाशः संभूतः T. Up.2.1.1; Ms.1.15,12.24.

-4 Essence, nature; काव्यस्यात्मा ध्वनिः S. D., see आत्मक below.

-5 Character, peculiarity; आत्मा यक्ष्मस्य नश्यति Rv.1. 97.11.

-6 The natural temperament or disposition; Bhāg.11.22.2.

-7 The person or whole body (con- sidered as one and opposed to the separate members of it); स्थितः सर्वोन्नतेनोर्वीं क्रान्त्वा मेरुरिवात्मना R.1.14; योस्या- त्मनः कारयिता Ms.12.12; Ki.9.66.

-8 Mind, intellect; मन्दात्मन्, नष्टात्मन्, महात्मन् &c. अथ रामः प्रसन्नात्मा श्रुत्वा वायु- सुतस्य ह Rām.6.18.1.

-9 The understanding; cf. आत्म- संपन्न, आत्मवत् &c.

-1 Thinking faculty, the faculty of thought and reason.

-11 Spirit, vitality, courage; त्यक्त्वा$$त्मानमथाब्रवीत् Mb.12.18.6.

-12 Form, image; आत्मानमाधाय Ku.3.24 assuming his own form; 2.61; संरोपिते$प्यात्मनि Ś.6.24 myself being implanted in her.

-13 A son; 'आत्मा वै पुत्रनामासि' इति श्रुतेः । तस्यात्मा शितिकण्ठस्य Śi.2.61.

-14 Care, efforts, pain.

-15 The sun.

-16 Fire.

-17 Wind, air.

-18 Mental quality; बाहुश्रुत्यं तपस्त्यागः श्रद्धा यज्ञक्रिया क्षमा । भावशुद्धिर्दया सत्यं संयमश्चात्मसंपदः ॥ Mb.12.167.5. आत्मन् is used as the last member of comp. in the sense of 'made or consisting of'; see आत्मक. The form त्मन् is also found to be used; कृतार्थं मन्यते त्मानं Mb. [cf. Gr. atmos, aitmen]

-Comp. -अधीन a.

1 dependent on oneself, independent.

-2 sentient, existing.

(-नः) 1 a son.

-2 a wife's brother.

-3 the jester or विदूषक (in dramatic literature).

-अनुरूप a. worthy of oneself; तस्यामात्मानुरूपायामात्मजन्मसमुत्सुकः Ku. 1.18; R.1.33.

-अनुगमनम् peronal attendance; शश्वदा- त्मानुगमनेन गाम् R.1.88.

-अपहारः concealing oneself; कथं वा आत्मापहारं करोमि Ś.1.

-अपहारकः one who pre- tends to belong to a higher class than his own, an impostor, a pretender; यो$न्यथा सन्तमात्मानमन्यथा सत्सु भाषते । स पापकृत्तमो लोके स्तेन आत्मापहारकः ॥ Ms.4.255.

-आदिष्ट a. self-counselled. (

-ष्टः) a treaty dictated by the party wishing it himself; स्वसैन्येन तु संघानमात्मादिष्ट उदाहृतः H.4.121.

-आनन्द a. Rejoicing in the soul or Supreme Spirit; आत्ममिथुनः आत्मानन्दः Ch. Up.7.25.2.

-आराम a.

1 striving to get knowledge; (as an ascetic or योगिन्), seeking spiritual knowledge; आत्मारामा विहितरतयो निर्विकल्पे समाधौ Ve.1.23.

-2 selfpleased, delighted in self; आत्मारामः फलाशी. see आत्मानन्द Bh.3.93; cf. Bg.5.24.

-आशिन् m. a fish supposed to feed on its young, or on the weakest of its species; cf. मत्स्या इव जना नित्यं भक्षयन्ति परस्परम् Rām.

-आश्रय a.

1 dependent on oneself or on his own mind.

-2 About or relating to oneself; कौलीनमात्माश्रयमाचचक्षे R.14.36.

(-यः) 1 self dependence.

-2 innate idea, abstract knowledge independent of the thing to be known.

-ईश्वर a. Self-possessed, master of self; आत्मेश्वराणां न हि जातु विघ्नाः समाधिभेदप्रभवो भवन्ति Ku.3.4.

-उदयः self-exaltation or elevation; आत्मोदयः परज्यानिर्द्वयं नीतिरितीयति Śi.2.3

-उद्भव a. born or produced from oneself.

(-वः) 1 a son; आत्मोद्भवे वर्णचतुष्टयस्य R.18.12.

-2 Cupid.

-3 sorrow, pain.

(-वा) 1 daughter.

-2 intellect.

-3 N. of a plant (माषपर्णी; Mar. रानउडीद).

-उपजीविन् m.

1 one who lives by his own labour; Ms.7.138.

-2 a day-labourer.

-3 one who lives by his wife (Kull. on Ms.8.362).

-4 an actor, public performer.

-उपनिषद् f. N. of an उपनिषद् which treats of the Supreme Spirit.

- उपम a. like oneself. (

-मः) a son.

-औपम्यम् Likeness to self. आत्मौपम्येन सर्वत्र Bg.6.32.

-कर्मन् One's own duty; आत्मौपकर्मक्षमं देहं क्षात्रो धर्म इवाश्रितः R.

-काम a.

1 loving oneself, possessed of self-conceit, proud; आत्मकामा सदा चण्डी Rām.2.7.1.

-2 loving Brahman or the Supreme Spirit only; भगवन् वयमात्मकामाः Maitr. Up.7.1.

-कार्यम् one's own business, private affair.

-कृत a.

1 self-executed, done by oneself; पौरा ह्यात्मकृताद्दुःखाद्विप्रमोच्या नृपात्मजैः Rām.2.46.23.

-2 done against one's own self; Vāj.8.13.

-गत a. produced in one's mind; ˚तो मनोरथः Ś.1. (

-तम्) ind. aside (to oneself) being considered to be spoken privately (opp. प्रकाशम् aloud); frequently used as a stage-direction in dramas; it is the same as स्वगतम् which is thus defined; अश्राव्यं खलु यद्वस्तु तदिह स्वगतं मतम् S. D.6.

-गतिः f.

1 course of the soul's existence.

-2 one's own course; Bhāg.5.17.3. ˚गत्या by one's own act.

-गुप्ता The plant Mucuna Pruritus Hook (Mar. कुयली).

-गुप्तिः f. a cave, the hiding place of an animal, lair.

-ग्राहिन् a. selfish, greedy.

-घातः 1 suicide.

-2 heresy.

-घातकः, -घातिन् 1 a suicide, a self-destroyer; K.174; व्यापादयेद् वृथात्मानं स्वयं यो$गन्युदका- दिभिः । अवैधेनैव मार्गेण आत्मघाती स उच्यते ॥

-2 a heretic.

-घोषः 1 a cock (calling out to himself).

-2 a crow.

-3 One who flatters himself. cf. आत्मघोषो वायसे स्यादात्म- स्तुतिपरे$पि च Nm.

-जः, -जन्मन् m.

-जातः, -प्रभवः, -संभवः, -समुद्भवः 1 a son; यः स वासवनिर्जेता रावणस्यात्म- संभवः Rām.6.86.33; हतान्निहन्मेह नरर्षभेण वयं सुरेशात्मसमु- द्भवेन Mb.7.118.2; तमात्मजन्मानमजं चकार R.5.36; तस्यामात्मानुरूपायामात्मजन्मसमुत्सुकः R.1.33; Māl.1; Ku.6.28.

-2 Cupid; ममायमात्मप्रभवो भूयस्त्वमुपयास्यति Rām.4.1.34.

-3 a descendant; मृगयां वि<?>रन्काश्चिद्विजने जनकात्मजः Mb.12.39.1.

-जा 1 a daughter; वन्द्यं युगं चरणयोर्जनकात्मजायाः R.13.78; cf. नगात्मजा &c.

-2 the reasoning faculty, understanding.

-जयः 1 one's own victory.

-2 victory over oneself, self-denial or abnega- tion.

-ज्योतिस् n. The light of the soul or Supreme Spirit (चैतन्य); कौस्तुभव्यपदेशेन स्वात्मज्योतिर्बिभर्त्यजः Bhāg. 12.11.1.

-ज्ञः, -विद् m. a sage, one who knows himself; तस्मादात्मज्ञं ह्यर्चयेद्भूतिकामः Muṇḍ.3.1.1.

-ज्ञानम् 1 self-knowledge.

-2 spiritual knowledge, knowledge of the soul or the Supreme Spirit; सर्वेषामपि चैतेषामात्मज्ञानं परं स्मृतम् Ms.12.85,92.

-3 true wisdom.

-तत्त्वम् 1 the true nature of the soul or the supreme spirit; यदात्म- तत्त्वेन तु ब्रह्मतत्त्वं प्रपश्येत Śvet.2.15.

-2 the highest thing. ˚ज्ञः a sage versed in the Vedānta doctrines.

-तृप्त a. Self-satisfied; आत्मतृप्तश्च मानवः Bg.3.17.

-तुष्टि a. self-satisfied. (

-ष्टिः f.) self-satisfaction.

-त्यागः 1 self-sacrifice.

-2 suicide.

-त्यागिन् m. a.

1 suicide; आत्मत्यागिन्यो नाशौचोदकभाजनाः Y.3.6.

-2 a heretic, an unbeliever.

-त्राणम् 1 self-preservation.

-2 a body-guard; Rām.5.

-दर्शः a mirror; प्रसादमात्मीयमिवात्म- दर्शः R.7.68.

-दर्शनम् 1 seeing oneself.

-2 spiritual knowledge, true wisdom; सर्वभूतात्मदर्शनम् Y.3.157; cf. Ms.12.91. see आत्मयाजिन.

-दा a. Ved. granting one's existence or life; य आत्मदा बलदा यस्य विश्व Rv.1.121.2.

-दानम् self-sacrifice, resigning oneself.

-दूषि a. Ved. corrupting the soul; self-destroying; Av.16.1.3.

-देवता a tutelary deity.

-द्रोहिन् a.

1 self-tormenting, fretful.

-2 suicide.

-नित्य a. being constantly in the heart, greatly endeared to oneself.

-निन्दा self-reproach.

-निवेदनम् offering oneself (as a living sacrifice to the deity).

-निष्ठ a. one who constantly seeks for spiritual knowledge.

-पराजित a. one who has lost himself (Ved.) Av.5.18.2.

-पुराणम् N. of a work elucidating the Upaniṣads (consisting of 18 chapters).

-प्रत्ययिक a. knowing from one's experience; आत्मप्रत्ययिकं शास्त्रमिदम् Mb.12.246.13.

-प्रबोधः 1 cognition of the soul; self-consciousness.

-2 title of an उपनिषद्.

-प्रभ a. self-illuminated.

-प्रवादः 1 conversation about the Supreme Spirit.

-2 N. of the seventh of the fourteen Pūrvas of the Jainas.

-प्रशंसा self-praise.

-बन्धुः, -बान्धवः 1 one's own kinsman; आत्ममातुः स्वसुः पुत्रा आत्मपितुः स्वसुः सुताः । आत्ममातुलपुत्राश्च विज्ञेया ह्यात्मबान्धवाः Śabdak. i. e. mother's sister's son, father's sister's son, and mother's brother's son.

-2 the soul, the self.

-बोधः 1 spiritual knowledge.

-2 knowledge of self.

-3 N. of a work of Śaṅkarāchārya.

-भावः 1 existence of the soul; संयोग एषां न तु आत्मभावात् Śvet.1.2.

-2 the self proper, peculiar nature.

-3 the body.

-भू a. self-born, self-existent. (

-भूः) वचस्यवसिते तस्मिन् ससर्ज गिरमात्मभूः Ku.2.53,3.16,5.81.

-योनिः 1 N. of Brahmā;

-2 N. of Viṣṇu.

-3 N. of Śiva; Ś.7.35.

-4 Cupid, god of love.

-5 a son. (

-भूः f.)

1 a daughter.

-2 talent, understanding.

-भूत a.

1 self-produced; peculiar, belonging to.

-2 attached, devoted, faithful; तत्रात्मभूतैः कालज्ञैरहार्यैः परिचारकैः Ms.7.217 (Kull. = आत्मतुल्य).

(-तः) 1 a son.

-2 Cupid.

(-ता) 1 a daughter.

-2 talent.

-भूयम् 1 peculiarity, own nature.

-2 Brahman.

-मात्रा a portion of the Supreme Spirit.

-मानिन् a. self-respecting, respectable.

-2 arro- gant, proud; विवेकशून्यः प्रभुरात्ममानी, महाननर्थः सुहृदां बतायम् Bk.12.83.

-मूर्तिः 1 a brother; भ्राता स्वमूर्तिरात्मनः

-2 soul, Supreme Spirit.

-मूल a. self-luminous, shining (God); स आत्ममूलो$वतु मां परात्परः Bhāg.8.3.4.

-मूलि n. the universe.

-मूली N. of a plant (दूरालभा; Mar. धमासा).

-याजिन् 1 sacrificing for oneself or himself. m. a learned man who studies his own nature and that of the soul (of others) to secure eternal felicity, one who looks upon all beings as self; सर्व- भूतेषु चात्मानं सर्वभूतानि चात्मनि । समं पश्यन्नात्मयाजी स्वाराज्यम- धिगच्छति ॥ Ms.12.91.

-योनिः = ˚भू m. a. v. ददर्श चक्रीकृतचारुचापं प्रहर्तुमभ्युद्यतमात्मयोनिम् Ku.3.7.

-रक्षा 1 N. of a plant (इन्द्रवारुणीवृक्ष).

-2 self protection.

-लाभः birth, production, origin; यैरात्मलाभस्त्वया लब्धः Mu.3.1, 5.23; Ki.3.32,17.19,18.34; K.239.

-लोमन् 1 the hair of the body.

-2 the beard.

-वञ्चक a. self-deceiver.

-वञ्चना self-delusion; self-deception.

-वधः, -वध्या, -हत्या suicide.

-वर्ग्य a. of one's party or class; उद्बाहुना जुहुविरे मुहुरात्मवर्ग्याः Śi.5.15.

-वश a. depending on one's own will; यद्यत्परवशं कर्म तत्तद्यत्नेन वर्जयेत् । यद्यदात्मवशं तु स्यात्तत्तत्सेवेत यत्नतः ॥ Ms.4.159, सर्वमात्मवशं सुखम् 16.

(-शः) 1 self-control, self-government.

-2 one's control, subjection; ˚शं नी, ˚वशीकृ to reduce to subjection, win over.

-वश्य a. having control over self, self-possessed, self-restrained; आत्मवश्यैर्विधेयात्मा Bg.2.64.

-विक्रयः sale of oneself or one's own liberty; Ms.11.59.

-विद् m.

1 a wise man, sage; as in तरति शोकमात्मवित्; सो$हं भगवो मन्त्रविदेवास्मि नात्मविच्छ्रुत<?>ह्येव Ch. Up.7.1.3.

-2 knowing one's own self (family &c.); य इहात्मविदो विपक्षमध्ये Śi.2.116.

-3 N. of Śiva.

-विद्या knowledge of the soul, spiritual knowledge; आन्वीक्षिकीं चात्मविद्याम् Ms.7.43.

-विवृद्धिः, -वृद्धिः f. self-exaltation.

-वीर a.

1 mighty, powerful, strong.

-2 appropriate, suitable, good for oneself (as diet &c.).

-3 existent, sentient.

(-रः) 1 a son.

-2 wife's brother.

-3 a jester (in dramas); आत्मवीरः प्राणवति श्यालके च विदूषके.

-वृत्तम्, -वृत्तान्तः account of one's own self, autobiography.

-वृत्ति a. dwelling in Atman or soul. (

-त्तिः f.)

1 state of the heart; किमेभिराशोपहतात्मवृत्तिभिः Ku.5.76.

-2 action as regards oneself, one's own state or circum- stance; विस्माययन् विस्मितमात्मवृत्तौ R.2.33.

-3 practising one's own duties or occupation.

-शक्तिः f. one's own power or ability, inherent power or effort; दैवं निहत्य कुरु पौरुषमात्मशक्त्या Pt.1.361 to the best of one's power.

-2 illusion.

-शल्या N. of a plant (शतावरी).

-शुद्धिः f. self-purification; Ms.11.164; योगिनः कर्म कुर्वन्ति संगं त्यक्त्वा$त्मशुद्धये Bg.5.11.

-श्लाघा, -स्तुतिः f. self-praise, boasting, bragging.

-संयमः self-restraint; आत्मसंयमयो- गाग्नौ जुह्वति ज्ञानदीपिते Bg.4.27.

-संस्थ a. Based upon or connected with the person; आत्मसंस्थं मनःकृत्वा Bg.6.25.

-सतत्त्वम् See आत्मतत्त्वम्; आत्मसतत्त्वं विगणयतः Bhāg.5.13.24.

-सद् a. Ved. dwelling in oneself; आत्मसदौ स्तं मा मा हिंसिष्टम् Av.5.9.8.

-संतुष्ट a. self-sufficient.

-सनि a. Ved. granting the breath of life.

-सम a. worthy of oneself, equal to oneself; कार्ये गुरुण्यात्मसमं नियोक्ष्ये Ku.3.13.

-संदेहः 1 internal or personal doubt.

-2 risk of life, personal risk.

-संभवः, -समुद्भवः 1 a son; चकार नाम्ना रघुमात्मसंभवम् R.3.21,11.57,17.8.

-2 Cupid, god of love.

-3 epi- thet of Brahmā, Viṣṇu, or Śiva.

-4 the Supreme Being (परमात्मन्).

(-वा) 1 a daughter.

-2 understanding, intellect.

-संपन्न a.

1 self-possessed; Pt.1.49.

-2 talented, intelligent; तमात्मसंपन्नमनिन्दितात्मा कृत्वा युवानं युवराजमेव R.18.18.

-संभावना self-conceit; K.

-सिद्धिः f. self-aggrandizement, attainment of object or purpose; आगच्छदात्मसिद्ध्यर्थं गोकर्णस्याश्रमं शुभम् Rām.7.9.47.

-सुख a. self-delighted. (

-खम्) the highest bliss.

-स्थ a. At one's own disposal (स्वाधीन); तावदेव मया सार्धमात्मस्थं कुरु शासनम् Rām.2.21.8.

-हन् a.

1 one who kills his own soul (neglects its welfare &c.); ये के चात्महनो जनाः Śvet.3.

-2 a suicide, self-destroyer.

-3 a heretic, unbeliever.

-4 a priest in a temple, a servant or attendant upon an idol.

-हननम्, -हत्या suicide.

-हित a. beneficial to oneself. (

-तम्) one's own good or welfare.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > आत्मन् _ātman
19 गत _gata

गत p. p. [गम्-क्त]

1 Gone, departed, gone for ever; Mu.1.25; किं गते सलिले सेतुबन्धेन, किं गते विवाहे नक्षत्रपरीक्षया Vb.4. 'what is the use of locking the stable-door when the steed is stolen ?'

-2 Passed away, elapsed, past; गदायां रात्रौ.

-3 Dead, deceased, departed to the next world; गत एव न ते निवर्तते Ku.4.3.

-4 Gone to, arrived at, reaching to.

-5 Being in, situated in, resting on, contained in; usually in comp.; प्रासादप्रान्तगतः Pt.1 seated on &c.; सदोगतः R.3.66 seated in the assembly; भर्तारं गता Ś.4.13 united to a husband; so आद्य˚; सर्वगत existing everywhere.

-6 Fallen into, reduced to; e. g. आपद्गतः

-7 Referring or relating to, with regard to, about, concerning, connected with (usually in comp.); राजा शकुन्तलागतमेव चिन्तयति Ś.5; भर्तृगतया चिन्तया Ś4; वयमपि भवत्यौ सखीगतं किमपि पृच्छामः Ś1; so पुत्रगतः स्नेहः &c.

-8 Frequented, resorted to; सुहृद्˚ Ku.4.24.

-9 Known, celebrated.

-1 Directed towards, belonging to.

-11 Known, understood.

-तम् 1 Motion, going; गतमुपरि घनानां वारिगर्भोदराणाम् Ś.7.7; Śi.1.2, 7.4.

-2 Gait, manner of going; Ku.1.34; हंस प्रयच्छ मे कान्ता गतिरस्यास्त्वया हृता V.4.16.

-3 An event.

-4 The place where one has gone.

-5 Celebration, being known, diffusion; यावन्नाम्नो गतम् Ch. Up.7.1.5.

-6 Manner. (As first member of comp. translated by 'free from', 'bereft of', 'deprived of', 'without'.)

-Comp. -अक्ष a. sightless, blind.

-अध्वन् a.

1 one who has accomplished or finished a journey; बलैरध्युषि- तास्तस्य विजिगीषोर्गताध्वनः R.4.46,11.33.

-2 conversant, familiar (with anything); त्रिविधे मोक्षधर्मे$स्मिन्गताध्वा छिन्नसंशयः Mb.12.32.25. (-f.) the time immediately preceding new moon when a small streak of the moon is still visible; (चतुर्दशीयुक्ता$मावास्या).

-अनुगतम् following custom or precedent.

-अनुगतिक a. doing as others do, a blind follower; गतानुगतिको लोको न लोकः पार- मार्थिकः Pt.1.342 'people are blind followers or servile imitators'; Mu.6.5.

-अन्त a. one whose end has arriv- ed.

-अर्थ a.

1 poor.

-2 meaningless (the meaning being already expressed).

-असु, -जीवित, -प्राण a. expired, dead; गतासूनगतासूंश्च नानुशोचन्ति पण़्डिताः Bg.2.11.

-आगतम् 1 going and coming, frequent visits; आदित्यस्य गतागतैरहरहः संक्षीयते जीवितम् Bh.3.7; Bg.9.21; Mu.2.3; 4.1.

-2 interchange of place; कष्टं स्मरामि तव तानि गता- गतानि Māl.9.47.

-3 the flight of a bird backward and forward.

-4 irregular course of the stars (in astro- nomy).

-5 Narration of past and future; स सर्वमखिलं राज्ञो वंशस्याह गतागतम् Rām.7.51.23.

-आधि a. free from anxiety, happy.

-आयुस् a. decrepit, infirm, very old.

-आर्तवा 1 a woman past her child-bearing.

-2 a bar- ren woman.

-उत्साह a. disspirited, dejected.

-ओजस् a. bereft of strength or energy.

-कल्मष a. freed from crime or sin, purified.

-क्लम a. refreshed; संविशेत्तु यथाकालमुत्तिष्ठेच्च गतक्लमः Ms.7.225.

-चेतन a. deprived of sense or consciousness, insensible, senseless.

-त्रप a. bold, without fear or shame; Bhāg.8.8.29.

-दिनम्, -दिवसः the past day, yesterday.

-दिनम् ind.. yester- day.

-प्रत्यागत a. returned after having gone away; Ms.7.186.

-प्रभ a. bereft of splendour, dim, obscured, faded.

-प्राण a. lifeless, dead.

-प्राय a. almost gone, nearly passed away; गतप्राया रजनी.

-भर्तृका 1 a widow.

-2 (rarely) a woman whose husband has gone abroad (= प्रोषितभर्तृका); किमु मुहुर्मुहुर्गतमर्तृकाः Śi.

-मनस्क a. thinking of (loc.); सपदि गतमनस्कः (प्रियायाः केशपाशे) R. 9.67.

-लक्ष्मीक a.

1 bereft of lustre or splendour, faded.

-2 deprived of wealth, impoverished, suffering losses.

-वयस्, -वयस्क a. advanced in years, aged, old; गतवयसामपि पुंसां येषामर्था भवन्ति ते तरुणाः Pt.1.1.

-वर्षः, -र्षम् the past year.

-वैर a. at peace (with), reconciled.

-व्यथ a. free from pain; प्रत्तां दुहितरं सम्राट् सदृक्षाय गत- व्यथः Bhāg.3.22.24.

-शैशव a. past child-hood.

-श्रम a. unmindful of troubles; आदित्यपथमाश्रित्य जगाम स गतश्रमः Rām.6.74.5.

-सङ्ग a.

1 free from attachment; गतसङ्गस्य युक्तस्य Bg.4.23.

-2 adverse or indifferent to.

-सत्त्व a.

1 dead, annihilated, lifeless.

-2 base.

-सन्नकः an elephant out of rut.

-स्पृह a. indifferent to worldly attachments; गतस्पृहो धैर्यधरः कृपालुः Vaidyajīvanam.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > गत _gata
20 पर _para

पर a. [पॄ-भावे-अप्, कर्तरि अच्-वा] (Declined optional- ly like a pronoun in nom. voc. pl., and abl. and loc. sing. when it denotes relative position)

1 Other, differ- ent, another; see पर m also.

-2 Distant, removed, remote; अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वतः Bg.4.4.

-3 Beyond, further, on the other side of; म्लेच्छदेशस्ततः परः Ms.2.23;7.158.

-4 Subsequent, following, next to, future, after (usually with abl.); बाल्यात् परामिव दशां मदनो$ध्युवास R.5.63; Ku.1.31.

-5 Higher, superior; सिकतात्वादपि परां प्रपेदे परमाणुताम् R.15.22; इन्द्रियाणि पराण्याहु- रिन्द्रियेभ्यः परं मनः । मनसस्तु परा बुद्धिर्यो बुद्धेः परतस्तु सः ॥ Bg.3.42.

-9 Highest, greatest, most distinguished, pre-eminent, chief, best, principal; क्षत्रात् परं नास्ति Bṛi. Up.1.4.11. न त्वया द्रष्टव्यानां परं दृष्टम् Ś.2; Ki.5.18; परतो$पि परः Ku.2.14 'higher than the highest'; 6.19; Ś7.27.

-7 Having as a following letter or sound, followed by (in comp.).

-8 Alien, estranged, stranger.

-9 Hostile, inimical, adverse,

-1 Exceeding, having a surplus or remainder, left over; as in परं शतम् 'exceeding or more than a hundred.

-11 Final, last.

-12 (At the end of comp.) Having anything as the highest ob- ject, absorbed or engrossed in, intent on, solely devoted to, wholly engaged or occupied in; परिचर्यापरः R.1.91; so ध्यानपर, शोकपर, दैवपर, चिन्तापर &c.

-रः 1 Another person, a stranger, foreigner; oft. in pl. in this sense; यतः परेषां गुणग्रहीतासि Bv.1.9; Śi.2.74; see एक, अन्य also.

-2 A foe, an enemy, adversary; उत्तिष्ठमानस्तु परो नोपेक्ष्यः पथ्यभिच्छता Śi.2.1; Pt.2.158; R.3.21.

-3 The Almighty; तावदध्यासते लोकं परस्य परचिन्तकाः Bhāg.3.32.8.

-रम् 1 The highest point or pitch, culminating point.

-2 The Supreme Sprit; तेषामादित्यवज्ज्ञानं प्रकाशयति तत् परम् Bg.5.16.

-3 Final beatitude; असक्तो ह्याचरन् कर्म परमाप्नोति पूरुषः Bg.3.19.

-4 The secondary meaning of a word.

-5 (In logic) One of the two kinds of सामान्य or generality of notion; more extensive kind, (comprehending more objects); e. g. पृथ्वी is पर with respect to a घट).

-6 The other or future world; परासक्ते च वस्तस्मिन् कथमासीन्मनस्तदा Mb.6.14.55. Note-- The acc., instr. and loc. singulars of पर are used adverbi- ally; e. g. (a) परम्

1 beyond, over, out of (with abl.); वर्त्मनः परम् R.1.17.

-2 after (with abl.); अस्मात् परम् Ś.6.24; R.1.66;3.39; Me.12; भाग्यायत्त- मतः परम् Ś.4.17; ततः परम् &c.

-3 thereupon, there- after.

-4 but, however.

-5 otherwise.

-6 in a high degree, excessively, very much, completely, quite; परं दुःखितो$स्मि &c.

-7 most willingly.

-8 only.

-9 at the utmost. (b) परेण

1 farther, beyond, more than; किं वा मृत्योः परेण विधास्यति Māl.2.2.

-2 afterwards; मयि तु कृतनिधाने किं विदध्याः परेण Mv.2.49.

-3 after (with abl.) स्तन्यत्यागात् परेण U.2.7. (c) परे

1 afterwards, thereupon; अथ तेन दशाहतः परे R.8.73.

-2 in future.

-Comp. -अङ्गम् the hinder part of the body.

-अङ्गदः an epithet of Śiva.

-अणुः See परमाणु; Bhāg.1.14.11.

-अदनः a horse found in the country of Persia or Arabia.

-अधिकारचर्चा officiousness, meddlesomeness.

-अधीन a. dependent on another, subject, subservient; अन्नमेषां पराधीनं देयं स्याद्भिन्नभाजने Ms.1.54,83; H.1.119.

-अन्तः final death. (

-ताः) m. (pl.) N. of a people.

-अन्तकः an epithet of Śiva.

-2 a frontier.

-अन्तकालः the time of death; ते ब्रह्मलोकेषु परान्तकाले परामृताः परिमुच्यन्ति सर्वे Muṇḍ.3.2.6.

-अन्न a. living or subsisting on another's food. (

-न्नम्) the food of another; परगृहललिताः परान्नपुष्टाः Mk.4.28. ˚परिपुष्टता being fed with the food of others; Y.3.241. ˚भोजिन् a. subsisting on the food of others; रोगी चिरप्रवासी परान्नभोजी परावसथशायी । यज्जीवति तन्मरणं यन्मरणं सो$स्य विश्रामः ॥ H.1.12.

- अपर a.

1 far and near, remote and proximate.

-2 prior and posterior.

-3 before and beyond, earlier and later.

-4 higher and lower, best and worst. (

-रः) a Guru of an intermediate class. (

-रम्) (in logic) a property intermediate between the greatest and smallest numbers, a species (as existing between the genus and individual); e. g. पृथ्वी which is पर with 1respect to a घट is अपर with respect to द्रव्य; द्रव्यत्वादिक- जातिस्तु परापरतयोच्यते Bhāṣā. P.8.

-अभिध्यानम् self-conceit; high opinion for self or body (देहाभिमान); स्वयं पराभिध्यानेन विभ्रंशितस्मृतिः Bhāg.5.14.1.

-अमृतम् rain.

- अयण (अयन) a.

1 attached or devoted to, adhering to.

-2 depending on, subject to.

-3 intent on, solely devoted to or absorbed in (at the end of comp.); प्रभुर्धनपरायणः Bh.2.56; so मोह˚; अथ मोहपरायणा सती विवशा कामवधूर्विबोधिता Ku.4.1; अग्निहोत्र˚ &c.

-4 connected with.

-5 being a protector (त्राता); अबर्हाश्चरणैर्हीनाः पूर्वेषां वः परायणाः Mb.1.23.4.

-6 leading or conducive to.

-(णम्) 1 the principal or highest objest, chief aim, best or last resort; एतत् परायणम् Praśna Up.1.1; तपसश्च परायणम् Rām.1.21.1; Mb.12.179.12.

-2 essence, sum.

-3 Ved. going away, departure, exit.

-4 firm devotion.

-5 a universal medicine, panacea.

-6 a religious order.

-अर्थ a.

1 having another aim or meaning.

-2 intended or designed for another, done for another.

(-र्थः) 1 the highest interest or advan- tage.

-2 the interest of another (opp. स्वार्थ); स्वार्थो यस्य परार्थ एव स पुमानेकः सतामग्रणीः Subhāṣ.; R.1.29.

-3 the chief or highest meaning.

-4 the highest object (i.e. sexual intercourse).

-5 the supreme good (मोक्ष); ज्ञात्वा प्रजहि कालेन परार्थमनुदृश्य च Mb.12.288.9.

-6 Something else. Hence परार्थता or परार्थत्व means 'being subsidiary to something else; परार्थता हि गुणभावः ŚB. on MS.4.3.

-7 an object which is meant for another's use (Sāṅ. Phil.); सङ्घातपरार्थत्वात् त्रिगुणादिविपर्ययादधिष्ठानात् Sāṅ. K.17. ˚वादिन् a. speaking for another; mediator, substitute.

-अर्थिन् a. striving for the supreme good. (

-र्थम् -र्थे) ind. for the sake of another.

-अर्धम् 1 the other part (opp. पूर्वार्ध); the latter half; दिनस्य पूर्वार्धपरार्धभिन्ना छायेव मैत्री खलसज्जनानाम् Bh.2.6.

-2 a particular high number; i. e. 1,,,,,; एकत्वादिपरार्धपर्यन्ता संख्या T. S.

-अर्धक a. One half of anything.

-अर्ध्य a.

1 being on the farther side or half.

-2 most distant in number; हेमन्तो वसन्तात् परार्ध्यः Śat. Br.

-3 most excellent, best, most exalted, highly esteemed, highest, supreme; R.3.27;8.27;1.64;16;39; आबद्धप्रचुरपरार्ध्यकिंकिणीकः Śi.8.45.

-4 most costly; Śi.4.11; श्रियं परार्ध्यां विदधद् विधातृभिः Bu. Ch.1.1.

-5 most beautiful or lovely, finest; R.6.4; परस्परस्पर्धिपरार्ध्यरूपाः पौरस्त्रियो यत्र विधाय वेधाः Śi.3.58.

-6 Divine: असावाटीत् सङ्ख्ये परार्ध्यवत् Bk.9.64.

(-र्ध्यम्) 1 a maximum.

-2 an infinite number.

- अवर a.

1 far and near; परावराणां स्रष्टारं पुराणं परमव्ययम् Mb.1.1.23.

-2 earlier and later.

-3 prior and posterior or subsequent.

-4 higher and lower.

-5 traditional; पुनाति पङ्क्तिं वंश्यांश्च सप्त सप्त परावरान् Ms.1. 15.

-6 all-including; परावरज्ञो$सि परावरस्त्वम् Mb.3.232. 18. (

-रा) descendants.

(-रम्) 1 cause and effect.

-2 the whole extent of an idea.

-3 the universe.

-4 totality. ˚ज्ञ, ˚दृश् a. knowing both the past and the future; परावरज्ञो ब्रह्मर्षिः Mb.1.6.5.

-अवसथ- शायिन् a. sleeping in another's house; H.1.12.

-अहः the next day.

-अह्णः the afternoon, the latter part of the day.

-आगमः attack of an enemy.

-आचित a. fostered or brought up by another. (

-तः) a slave.

-आत्मन् m. the Supreme Spirit.

-आयत्त a.

1 depend- ent on another, subject, subservient; परायत्तः प्रीतेः कथमिव रसं वेत्तु पुरुषः Mu.3.4.

-2 Wholly subdued or over- whelmed by.

-आयुस् m. an epithet of Brahman; नाहं परायुर्ऋषयो न मरीचिमुख्या जानन्ति यद्विरचितं खलु सत्त्वसर्गाः Bhāg.8.1.12.

-आविद्धः 1 an epithet of Kubera.

-2 of Viṣṇu.

-आश्रय a. dependent upon another.

(-यः) 1 dependence upon another.

-2 the retreat of enemies. (

-या) a plant growing on another tree.

-आसङ्गः dependence upon another.

-आस्कन्दिन् m. a thief, robber.

- इतर a.

1 other than inimical; i. e. friendly, kind.

-2 one's own; विधाय रक्षान् परितः परेतरान् Ki.1.14.

-ईशः 1 an epithet of Brahman.

-2 of Viṣṇu.

-इष्टिः N. of Brahman.

-इष्टुका a cow which has often calved.

-उत्कर्षः another's prosperity.

-उद्वहः the Indian cuckoo.

-उपकारः doing good to others, benevolence, beneficence, charity; परोपकारः पुण्याय पापाय परपीडनम्.

-उपकारिन् a. benevolent, kind to others.

-उपजापः causing dissension among enemies; परोपजापात् संरक्षेत् प्रधानान् क्षुद्रकान् अपि Kau. A.1.13.

-उपदेशः advising others; परोपदेशे पाण्डित्यम्.

-उपरुद्ध a. besieged by an enemy.

-उपसर्पणम् approaching another; begging.

-ऊढा another's wife.

-एधित a. fostered or brought up by another.

(-तः) 1 a servant.

-2 the (Indian) cuckoo.

-कर्मन् n. service for another. ˚निरतः a servant.

-कलत्रम् another's wife. ˚अभिगमनम् adultery; वरं क्लैब्यं पुसां न च परकलत्राभिगमनम् H.1.116.

-कायप्रवेशनम् entering another's body (a supernatural art).

-कारः The deeds of the enemy; राज्ञः समीपे परकारमाह प्रज्ञापनैषा विबि- धोपदिष्टा Kau. A.2.1.

-कार्यम् another's business or work. ˚निरतः

1 a benevolent man.

-2 a slave, servant.

-काल a. relating to a later time, mentioned later.

-कृतिः an example or precedent, a passage descriptive of the doings of men; MS.6.7.26.

-क्रमः doubling the second letter of a conjunction of consonants.

-क्रान्तिः f. inclination of the ecliptic.

-क्षेत्रम् 1 another's body.

-2 another's field; ये$क्षेत्रिणो बीजवन्तः परक्षेत्रप्रवापिणः । ते वै सस्यस्य जातस्य न लभन्ते फलं क्वचित् ॥ Ms.9.49.

-3 another's wife; तौ तु जातौ परक्षेत्रे Ms.3.175.

-गामिन् a.

1 being with another.

-2 relating to another.

-3 beneficial to another.

-गुण a. beneficial to another. (

-णः) the virtue of another; परगुणपरमाणून् पर्वतीकृत्य नित्यम् Bh.2.78.

-ग्रन्थिः joint (as of a finger); an articu- lation.

-ग्लानिः f. subjugation of an enemy; आत्मोदयः परग्लानिर्द्वयं नीतिरितीयती Śi.2.3.

-चक्रम् 1 the army of an enemy.

-2 invasion by an enemy, one of the six itis q. v.

-3 a hostile prince.

-छन्द a. dependent.

(-दः) 1 the will of another.

-2 dependence. ˚अनुवर्तनम् following the will of another.

-छिद्रम् a weak or vulnerable point of another, a defect in another.

-ज a.

1 stranger.

-2 coming from a foe.

-3 inferior.

-जनः a stranger (opp. स्वजन); शक्तः परजने दाता Ms.11.9.

-जन्मन् n. a future birth.

-जात a.

1 born of another.

-2 dependent on another for livelihood. (

-तः) a servant.

-जित a.

1 conquered by another.

-2 main- tained by another. (

-तः) the (Indian) cuckoo.

-तन्त्र a. dependent on another, dependent, subservient.

-तन्त्रम् (a common group of) subsidiaries belonging to another; जैमिनेः परतन्त्रापत्तेः स्वतन्त्रप्रतिषेधः स्यात् MS.12.1.8. (see तन्त्रम्).

-तर्ककः a suppliant, beggar; Dānasāgara, Bib- liotheca Indica, 274, Fascicule 1, p.15; also परतर्कुक.

-तल्पगामिन् m. One who approaches another man's wife.

-तार्थिकः The adherent of another sect.

-दाराः m. (pl.) another's wife; ˚अभिगमनम्, ˚अभिमर्षः Adultery.

-दारिन् m. an adulterer.

-दुःखम् the sorrow or grief of another; विरलः परदुःखदुःखितो जनः; महदपि परदुःखं शीतलं सम्यगाहुः V.4.13.

-देवता the Supreme Being.

-देशः a hostile or foreign country.

-देशिन् m. a foreigner.

-द्रोहिन्, -द्वेषिन् a. hating others, hostile, inimical.

-धनम् another's property.

-धर्मः 1 the religion of another; स्वधर्मे निधनं श्रेयः परधर्मो भयावहः Bg.3.35.

-2 another's duty or business.

-3 the duties of another caste; परधर्मेण जीवन् हि सद्यः पतति जातितः Ms.1.97.

-ध्यानम् absolute meditation or contemplation; ध्येये मनो निश्चलतां याति ध्येयं विचिन्तयत् । यत् तद् ध्यानं परं प्रोक्तं मुनिभिर्ध्यानचिन्तकैः ॥ Garuḍa P.

-निपातः the irregular posteriority of a word in a compound; i. e. भूतपूर्वः where the sense is पूर्वं भूतः; so राजदन्तः, अग्न्याहितः &c.

-निर्वाणम् the highest निर्वाण; (Buddh.).

-पक्षः the side or party of an enemy.

-पदम् 1 the highest position, eminence.

-2 final beati- tude.

-परिग्रह a. see पराधीन; स्ववीर्यविजये युक्ता नैते पर- परिग्रहाः Mb.7.144.22.

-हः another's property (as wife &c); यथा बीजं न वप्तव्यं पुंसा परपरिग्रहे Ms.9.42-3.

-परिभवः humiliation or injury suffered from others.

-पाकनिवृत्त a. One who does not depend on others for his sustenance and performs the पञ्चयज्ञs faultlessly and takes food in his own house.

-पाकरत a. one who depends upon others for his sustenance but performs the usual ceremonies before cooking; पञ्चयज्ञान् स्वयं कृत्वा परान्नमुपजीवति । सततं प्रातरुत्थाय परपाकरतस्तु सः ॥

-पाकरुचिः having a liking for others' food; परपाकरुचिर्न स्यादनिन्द्या- मन्त्रणादृते Y.1.112.

-पिण्डः another's food, food given by another. ˚अद् a., ˚भक्षक a. one who eats another's food or one who feeds at the cost of another; यादृशो$हं परपिण्डभक्षको भूतः Mk.8.25/26; (-m.) a servant. ˚रत a. feeding upon another's food; परपिण्डरता मनुष्याः Bh.

-पुरञ्जयः a conqueror, hero.

-पुरुषः 1 another man, a stranger.

-2 the Supreme Spirit, Viṣṇu.

-3 the hus- band of another woman.

-पुष्ट a.

1 fed or nourished by another.

-2 Stranger. (

-ष्टः) the (Indian) cuckoo. ˚महोत्सवः the mango tree.

-पुष्टा 1 the (Indian) cuckoo.

-2 a parasitical plant.

-3 a harlot, prostitute.

-पूर्वा a woman who has or had a former husband; Ms.3.166; पतिं हित्वा$पकृष्टं स्वमुत्कृष्टं या निषेवते । निन्द्यैव सा भवेल्लोके परपूर्वेति चोच्यते Ms.5.163.

-प्रतिनप्तृ m. son of the great grand son.

-प्रपौत्रः (see प्रतिनप्तृ).

-प्रेष्यः a servant, menial, slave.

-ब्रह्मन् n. the Supreme Spirit; cf. लीने परे ब्रह्मणि Bh. परे ब्रह्मणि को$पि न लग्नः Śaṅkara (चर्पटपञ्जरिका 7).

-भागः 1 another's share.

-2 superior merit.

-3 good fortune, prosperity.

-4 (a) excellence, superority, supremacy; दुरधिगमः परभागो यावत् पुरुषेण पौरुषं न कृतम् Pt.1.33;5.34. (b) excess, abundance, height; स्थलकमलगञ्जनं मम हृदय- रञ्जनम् जनितरतिरङ्गपरभागम् Gīt.1; आभाति लब्धपरभागतया- धरोष्ठे R.5.7; Ku.7.17; Ki.5.3;8.42; Śi.7.33; 8.51;1.86;12.15.

-5 the last part, remainder.

-भाव a. loving another.

-भावः the being second member in a compound.

-भाषा a foreign tongue.

-भुक्त a. enjoyed or used by another; परभुक्तां च कान्तां च यो भुङ्क्ते स नराधमः । स पच्यते कालसूत्रे यावच्चन्द्रदिवाकरौ ॥ Brav. P.

-भूत a. following, subsequent (as words).

-भृत् m. a crow (said to nourish the cuckoo).

-भृत a. nourished by another.

-भृतः, -ता the (Indian) cuckoo; (so called because she is nouri- shed by another i. e. by a crow); प्रागन्तरिक्षगमनात्- स्वमपत्यजातमन्यैर्द्विजैः परभृताः खलु पोषयन्ति Ś.5.22; Ku.6.2; R.9.43; Ś.4.1.

-भतम् 1 another's opinion.

-2 dif- ferent opinion or doctrine; heterodoxy.

-मर्मज्ञ a. knowing the secrets of another.

-मृत्युः a crow.

-रमणः a married woman's gallant or paramour; स्वाधीने पररमणे धन्यास्तारुण्यफलभाजः Pt.1.18.

-लोकः the next (or fur- ture) world; परलोकनवप्रवासिनः प्रतिपत्स्ये पदवीमहं तव Ku. 4.1. ˚गमः, ˚यानम् death. ˚विधि funeral rites; परलोक- विधौ च माधव स्मरमुद्दिश्य (निबपेः सहकारमञ्जरीः) Ku.4.38.

-वश, -वश्य a. subject to another, dependent, depen- dent on others; सर्वं परवशं दुःखं सर्वमात्मवशं सुखम्.

-वाच्यम् a fault or a defect of another; प्रकटान्यपि नैपुणं महत् परवाच्यानि चिराय गोपितुम् Śi.16.3.

-वाणिः 1 a judge.

-2 a year.

-3 N. of the peacock of Kārtikeya.

-वादः 1 rumour, report.

-2 Objection, controversy.

-वादिन् m. a disputant, controversialist.

-वेश्मन् n. the abode of the Supreme Being.

-व्रतः an epithet of Dhṛitarāṣṭra.

-शब्दः a word expressive of something else; परशब्दस्य परत्र वृत्तौ तद्वद् भावो गम्यते ŚB. on MS.7.2.1.

-श्वस् ind. the day after tomorrow.

-संगत a.

1 asso- ciated with another.

-2 fighting with another.

-संज्ञकः the soul.

-सवर्ण a. homogeneous with a following letter (in gram.).

-सात् ind. into the hands of an- other. ˚कृता a woman given in marriage.

-सेवा service of another.

-स्त्री another's wife.

-स्वम् another's pro- perty; व्यावृता यत् परस्वेभ्यः श्रुतौ तस्करता स्थिता R.1.27; Ms.7.123. ˚हरणम् seizing another's property.

-हन् a. killing enemies.

-हित a.

1 benevolent.

-2 profitable to another.

-तम् the welfare of another; सन्तः स्वयं परहिताभिहिताभियोगाः Bh.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > पर _para

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